ArticlePloS one2012
Vitamins A & D inhibit the growth of mycobacteria in radiometric culture.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of different vitamins on individuals with septic shock: a Bayesian NMA of RCTs.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The Association between Vitamin D and Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review of Human Studies.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Vitamin A and D Deficiencies Associated With Incident Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Multinational Case-Cohort Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Trial
- Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial of the effect of retinol and vitamin D supplementation on treatment in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients with diabetes.BMC infectious diseases · 2013Trial
- The potential role and value of vitamin D in the treatment of tuberculosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- The Effect of Retinoic Acid on Neutrophil Innate Immune Interactions With Cutaneous Bacterial Pathogens.Infectious microbes & diseases · 2024Article
- Roles of Gut Microbiome in Bone Homeostasis and Its Relationship with Bone-Related Diseases.Biology · 2022Review
- Calcitriol ameliorates damage in high-salt diet-induced hypertension: Evidence of communication with the gut-kidney axis.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2022Article
- AllCurrent research in immunology · 2022Review
- Cathelicidin Mediates an Anti-Inflammatory Role of Active Vitamin D (Calcitriol) DuringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- The Prospect of Repurposing Immunomodulatory Drugs for Adjunctive Chemotherapy against Tuberculosis: A Critical Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- The antibacterial effects of vitamin D3 against mutans streptococci: an in vitro study.European oral research · 2021Article
- Warm, Sweetened Milk at the Twilight of Immunity - Alzheimer's Disease - Inflammaging, Insulin Resistance,Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Johne's Disease in Dairy Cattle: An Immunogenetic Perspective.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Review
- Vitamin D increases killing of intracellularParasitology · 2020Article
- Vitamin B and Vitamin C Affect DNA Methylation and Amino Acid Metabolism inFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Relationships Between Vitamin D, Gut Microbiome, and Systemic Autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Focus on 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the Peripheral Nervous System.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2019Review
- Host-directed therapies for bacterial and viral infections.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2018Review
- Impact of Vitamin A and Carotenoids on the Risk of Tuberculosis Progression.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe role of vitamins in the combat of disease is usually conceptualized as acting by modulating the immune response of an infected, eukaryotic host. We hypothesized that some vitamins may directly influence the growth of prokaryotes, particularly mycobacteria.
methodsThe effect of four fat-soluble vitamins was studied in radiometric Bactec® culture. The vitamins were A (including a precursor and three metabolites,) D, E and K. We evaluated eight strains of three mycobacterial species (four of M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), two of M. avium and two of M. tb. complex). PRINCIPAL
findingsVitamins A and D cause dose-dependent inhibition of all three mycobacterial species studied. Vitamin A is consistently more inhibitory than vitamin D. The vitamin A precursor, β-carotene, is not inhibitory, whereas three vitamin A metabolites cause inhibition. Vitamin K has no effect. Vitamin E causes negligible inhibition in a single strain. SIGNIFICANCE: We show that vitamin A, its metabolites Retinyl acetate, Retinoic acid and 13-cis Retinoic acid and vitamin D directly inhibit mycobacterial growth in culture. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that complementing the immune response of multicellular organisms, vitamins A and D may have heretofore unproven, unrecognized, independent and probable synergistic, direct antimycobacterial inhibitory activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.