Trial reportEuropean journal of applied physiology2012
Influence of altitude training modality on performance and total haemoglobin mass in elite swimmers.
Trial report in European journal of applied physiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Altitude training and haemoglobin mass from the optimised carbon monoxide rebreathing method determined by a meta-analysis.British journal of sports medicine · 2013Pooled it
- Effect of live-high, train-low strategy induced by chronic low-dose carbon monoxide exposure on haematological parameters and performance in trained individuals.Experimental physiology · 2026Trial
- Hypoxic re-exposure retains hematological but not performance adaptations post-altitude training.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Haemoglobin mass responses and performance outcomes among high-performance swimmers following a 3-week live-high, train-high camp at 2320 m.European journal of applied physiology · 2024Article
- Recommendations for Women in Mountain Sports and Hypoxia Training/Conditioning.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Hematological and performance adaptations to altitude training (2,320 m) in elite middle-distance and distance swimmers.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Physiological and performance effects of live high train low altitude training for elite endurance athletes: A narrative review.Current research in physiology · 2023Review
- Periodization of altitude training: A collective case study of high-level swimmers.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Effect of hypobaric hypoxia on hematological parameters related to oxygen transport, blood volume and oxygen consumption in adolescent endurance-training athletes.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2022Article
- Validity and reliability of capillary vs. Venous blood for the assessment of haemoglobin mass and intravascular volumes.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Effect of a 16-Day Altitude Training Camp on 3,000-m Steeplechase Running Energetics and Biomechanics: A Case Study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2019Article
- Comparison of the Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training in Hypoxia and Normoxia in Healthy Male Volunteers: A Pilot Study.BioMed research international · 2019Article
- Training Quantification and Periodization during Live High Train High at 2100 M in Elite Runners: An Observational Cohort Case Study.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2018Observational
- Comparison of the effect of intermittent hypoxic training vs. the live high, train low strategy on aerobic capacity and sports performance in cyclists in normoxia.Biology of sport · 2018Article
- Haemoglobin mass alterations in healthy humans following four-day head-down tilt bed rest.Experimental physiology · 2016Article
- The effects of hypobaric hypoxia on erythropoiesis, maximal oxygen uptake and energy cost of exercise under normoxia in elite biathletes.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2014Article
- Training Diaries during Altitude Training Camp in Two Olympic Champions: An Observational Case Study.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2014Article
- "Live High-Train High" increases hemoglobin mass in Olympic swimmers.European journal of applied physiology · 2014Article
- The effects of high intensity interval training in normobaric hypoxia on aerobic capacity in basketball players.Journal of human kinetics · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We compared changes in performance and total haemoglobin mass (tHb) of elite swimmers in the weeks following either Classic or Live High:Train Low (LHTL) altitude training. Twenty-six elite swimmers (15 male, 11 female, 21.4 ± 2.7 years; mean ± SD) were divided into two groups for 3 weeks of either Classic or LHTL altitude training. Swimming performances over 100 or 200 m were assessed before altitude, then 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after returning to sea-level. Total haemoglobin mass was measured twice before altitude, then 1 and 14 days after return to sea-level. Changes in swimming performance in the first week after Classic and LHTL were compared against those of Race Control (n = 11), a group of elite swimmers who did not complete altitude training. In addition, a season-long comparison of swimming performance between altitude and non-altitude groups was undertaken to compare the progression of performances over the course of a competitive season. Regardless of altitude training modality, swimming performances were substantially slower 1 day (Classic 1.4 ± 1.3% and LHTL 1.6 ± 1.6%; mean ± 90% confidence limits) and 7 days (0.9 ± 1.0% and 1.9 ± 1.1%) after altitude compared to Race Control. In both groups, performances 14 and 28 days after altitude were not different from pre-altitude. The season-long comparison indicated that no clear advantage was obtained by swimmers who completed altitude training. Both Classic and LHTL elicited ~4% increases in tHb. Although altitude training induced erythropoeisis, this physiological adaptation did not transfer directly into improved competitive performance in elite swimmers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.