Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22233631›Full record

ArticleNature communications2012

Rapid and adaptive evolution of MHC genes under parasite selection in experimental vertebrate populations.

Christophe Eizaguirre, Tobias L Lenz, Martin Kalbe, Manfred Milinski

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
131citing papers in PubMed
9.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

131 citing papers in PubMed, 319 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Development of the Roe Deer-Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
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  17. Article
  18. HLA Genes: A Hallmark of Functional Genetic Variation and Complex Evolution.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024
    Review
  19. HLA Genetics for the Human Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024
    Review
  20. Article

71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Christophe EizaguirreLeibniz Institute for Marine Sciences, Department of Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany. ceizaguirre@ifm-geomar.de
Tobias L Lenz
Martin Kalbe
Manfred Milinski
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology · DEGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The genes of the major histocompatibility complex are the most polymorphic genes in vertebrates, with more than 1,000 alleles described in human populations. How this polymorphism is maintained, however, remains an evolutionary puzzle. Major histocompatibility complex genes have a crucial function in the adaptive immune system by presenting parasite-derived antigens to T lymphocytes. Because of this function, varying parasite-mediated selection has been proposed as a major evolutionary force for maintaining major histocompatibility complex polymorphism. A necessary prerequisite of such a balancing selection process is rapid major histocompatibility complex allele frequency shifts resulting from emerging selection by a specific parasite. Here we show in six experimental populations of sticklebacks, each exposed to one of two different parasites, that only those major histocompatibility complex alleles providing resistance to the respective specific parasite increased in frequency in the next host generation. This result demonstrates experimentally that varying parasite selection causes rapid adaptive evolutionary changes, thus facilitating the maintenance of major histocompatibility complex polymorphism.

Indexed as

AllelesAnimalsCloning, MolecularCrosses, GeneticEcologyEvolution, MolecularFemaleFishesHaplotypesImmune SystemMajor Histocompatibility ComplexMaleMicrosatellite RepeatsModels, BiologicalModels, GeneticParasites

Identifiers

PMID22233631
PMCPMC3272583
OpenAlexW2129979981

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.