ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2012
Altered serum iron and copper homeostasis predicts cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are high copper levels related to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published between 2011 and 2022.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Copper Imbalance in Alzheimer's Disease: Meta-Analysis of Serum, Plasma, and Brain Specimens, and Replication Study EvaluatingBiomolecules · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of high iron intake on cognition and neurodegeneration in humans and in animal models: a systematic review.Nutrition reviews · 2017Pooled it
- The Association Between Serum Copper Levels and Proteomics in Mild Cognitive Impairment.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Exacerbation by knocking-out metallothionein gene of obesity-induced cardiac remodeling is associated with the activation of CARD9 signaling.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Article
- Dietary Intake Levels of Iron, Copper, Zinc, and Manganese in Relation to Cognitive Function: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Review
- Protective Effects of Dexazoxane on Rat Ferroptosis in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy Through Regulating HMGB1.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
- Nerve growth factor catches copper in neuronal inning.Neural regeneration research · 2020Article
- Article
- Serum Copper, Zinc, and Iron Levels in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2017Article
- Identification of Cerebral Metal Ion Imbalance in the Brain of AgingFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2017Article
- Common defects of mitochondria and iron in neurodegeneration and diabetes (MIND): a paradigm worth exploring.Biochemical pharmacology · 2014Review
- Histone deacetylases enzyme, copper, and IL-8 levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease.American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias · 2013Article
- Oxidative Stress and Its Clinical Applications in Dementia.Journal of neurodegenerative diseases · 2013Review
- Effects of hemochromatosis and transferrin gene mutations on peripheral iron dyshomeostasis in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain is marked by severe neuronal death which has been partly attributed to increased oxidative stress. The pathophysiology accounting for this free radical injury is not well-delineated at this point, but one hypothesis is that a derangement in transition metal metabolism contributes to the process. We tested the hypothesis that peripheral derangement of transition metal metabolism is present early in the dementing process. We analyzed non-heme iron and copper levels in serum from subjects with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and early stage senile dementia and followed these subjects over 5 years. An increase in the ratio of serum copper to non-heme iron levels predicted which subjects with mild cognitive impairment would progress to dementia versus those that would remain cognitively stable. This increase did not correlate with changes in expression of iron regulatory protein 2 or selected downstream targets in peripheral lymphocytes. A cDNA-based microarray (IronChip) containing genes relevant to iron and copper metabolism was used to assess transition metal metabolism in circulating lymphocytes from cognitively normal and demented subjects. No gene was identified as being dysregulated more than 2-fold, and verification using quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated no significant changes in expression for ALAS2, FOS, and CTR1. The increased ratio of serum copper to serum iron prior to dementia has potential as a biomarker for cognitive decline and mirrors other changes in serum previously reported by others, but iron and copper metabolism pathways appear to be broadly unaffected in peripheral blood in AD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.