ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2012
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: the trouble with immunity when you had none.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02147405 (PET Imaging and Lymph Node Assessment of IRIS in Persons With AIDS), which is not on this map. Cited by 98 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PET Imaging and Lymph Node Assessment of IRIS in Persons With AIDS
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leishmaniasis as a Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) in HIV-Infected Patients: A Literature Review.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CarePooled it
- The association of class II HLA alleles with tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.PLoS pathogens · 2025Trial
- A pilot metabolomics study of tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2019Trial
- Allogeneic Ex Vivo Expanded Corneal Epithelial Stem Cell Transplantation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Stem cells translational medicine · 2019Trial
- Mycobacterial antigen driven activation of CD14++CD16- monocytes is a predictor of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.PLoS pathogens · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Novel genetic variants in tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Hilar Mass and Cavernous Transformation in Disseminated Histoplasmosis: A Rare Cause of Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension.ACG case reports journal · 2026Article
- Mpox Recrudescence after SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection in a Patient with AIDS.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Impact of cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte infiltration and activated neuroimmune mediators on survival with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Impact of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leukocyte Infiltration and Neuroimmmune Mediators on Survival with HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Changes in the balance of Th17/Treg cells and oxidative stress markers in patients with HIV‑associated pulmonary tuberculosis who develop IRIS.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Exploiting antifungal immunity in the clinical context.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- Current knowledge of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in Whipple disease: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Phenotypic Profile ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Interplay between systemic inflammation, anemia, and mycobacterial dissemination and its impact on mortality in TB-associated HIV: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Review
- Multiple oral papillomas after antiretroviral treatment resumption.BMJ case reports · 2022Article
- Intestinal barrier dysfunction mediates Whipple's disease immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Some individuals who are infected with HIV rapidly deteriorate shortly after starting antiretroviral therapy, despite effective viral suppression. This reaction, referred to as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), is characterized by tissue-destructive inflammation and arises as CD4(+) T cells re-emerge. It has been proposed that IRIS is caused by a dysregulation of the expanding population of CD4(+) T cells specific for a co-infecting opportunistic pathogen. Here, we argue that IRIS instead results from hyper-responsiveness of the innate immune system to T cell help, a mechanism that may be shared by the many manifestations of IRIS that occur following the reversal of other types of immunosuppression in pathogen-infected hosts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.