SynthesisAnnals of family medicine
Systematic review and meta-analysis of practice facilitation within primary care settings.
Synthesis in Annals of family medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 350 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Big Data and Little Behaviours: Feedback and Quality Improvement Supports to Primary Care to Facilitate COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake
Implementation, Integration and Sustainability of a Minor Ailment Service in Usual Practice of Community Pharmacy
Accelerating Maternal and Newborn Survival: The AMANI Study
Who cites it
350 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Tailored interventions to address determinants of practice.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of quality improvement interventions in improving cardiovascular disease-related outcomes in primary and tertiary care: A systematic review and meta-analyses.BMC primary care · 2025Pooled it
- Implementation strategies to increase tobacco treatment in mental health settings: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Quality Improvement Coaching on Process Outcomes in Health Care Settings: A Systematic Review.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Use and effects of implementation strategies for practice guidelines in nursing: a systematic review.Implementation science : IS · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review of pragmatic randomised control trials assessing the effectiveness of professional pharmacy services in community pharmacies.BMC health services research · 2021Pooled it
- How effective are social norms interventions in changing the clinical behaviours of healthcare workers? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Implementation science : IS · 2021Pooled it
- Deimplementation of inappropriate feeding practices in early care and education: a Hybrid Type 3 cluster-randomized trial.Implementation science : IS · 2026Trial
- Characterizing the practice facilitation approach: what facilitators do and how they do it to support quality improvement.Implementation science : IS · 2026Trial
- Integration of a task strengthening strategy for hypertension management into HIV care in Nigeria: Baseline characteristics of participants in a cluster randomized controlled trial.American heart journal · 2026Trial
- Brief Prescribing Support and Buprenorphine Adoption in Rural Primary Care: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Implementing an intervention to facilitate early detection of deterioration in aged care residents: process evaluation of the EDDIE + trial.Implementation science : IS · 2026Trial
- Screening and Counseling for Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Primary Care Practices.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Implementing Care for Cannabis and Other Drug Use in Adult Primary Care: Outcomes of a Cluster-Randomized Implementation Trial.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Trial
- Implementation of Group Physical Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- A randomized trial of adapted versus standard versions of the Transdiagnostic Intervention for Sleep and Circadian Dysfunction implemented via facilitation and delivered by community mental health providers: improving the "fit" of psychological treatments by adapting to context.Implementation science : IS · 2025Trial
- Intervention to Improve Psychosocial Care for People with Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Mechanisms of change of a multifaceted implementation strategy on fidelity to a guideline for the prevention of mental health problems at the workplace: a mechanism analysis within a cluster-randomized controlled trial.Implementation science : IS · 2025Trial
290 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study was a systematic review with a quantitative synthesis of the literature examining the overall effect size of practice facilitation and possible moderating factors. The primary outcome was the change in evidence-based practice behavior calculated as a standardized mean difference.
methodsIn this systematic review, we searched 4 electronic databases and the reference lists of published literature reviews to find practice facilitation studies that identified evidence-based guideline implementation within primary care practices as the outcome. We included randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies published from 1966 to December 2010 in English language only peer-reviewed journals. Reviews of each study were conducted and assessed for quality; data were abstracted, and standardized mean difference estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Publication bias, influence, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses were also conducted.
resultsTwenty-three studies contributed to the analysis for a total of 1,398 participating practices: 697 practice facilitation intervention and 701 control group practices. The degree of variability between studies was consistent with what would be expected to occur by chance alone (I2 = 20%). An overall effect size of 0.56 (95% CI, 0.43-0.68) favored practice facilitation (z = 8.76; P <.001), and publication bias was evident. Primary care practices are 2.76 (95% CI, 2.18-3.43) times more likely to adopt evidence-based guidelines through practice facilitation. Meta-regression analysis indicated that tailoring (P = .05), the intensity of the intervention (P = .03), and the number of intervention practices per facilitator (P = .004) modified evidence-based guideline adoption.
conclusionPractice facilitation has a moderately robust effect on evidence-based guideline adoption within primary care. Implementation fidelity factors, such as tailoring, the number of practices per facilitator, and the intensity of the intervention, have important resource implications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.