ArticleBMC psychiatry2012
Elevated levels of serum IL-5 are associated with an increased likelihood of major depressive disorder.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activation of the interleukin-23/Th17 axis in major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Inflammatory markers in depression: A meta-analysis of mean differences and variability in 5,166 patients and 5,083 controls.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Pooled it
- Correlations between major depressive disorder, splenic morphology, and immune function.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Inflammatory Profiles in Depressed Adolescents Treated with Fluoxetine: An 8-Week Follow-up Open Study.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Trial
- Mediterranean dietary pattern and depression: the PREDIMED randomized trial.BMC medicine · 2013Trial
- Selective hyper-responsiveness of the interferon system in major depressive disorders and depression induced by interferon therapy.PloS one · 2012Trial
- Identification of an immune-metabolic biosignature linking depressive symptoms and breast cancer in a clinical population.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Brexanolone infusion produces sustained anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects in patients with postpartum depression that predict symptom improvement.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Concordant and Discordant Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Cytokine and Chemokine Responses in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Selected Biomarkers of Depression: What Are the Effects of Cytokines and Inflammation?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Innate lymphoid cells in depression: Current status and perspectives.Biomarkers in neuropsychiatry · 2022Article
- Genomic-Analysis-Oriented Drug Repurposing in the Search for Novel Antidepressants.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- The role of meningeal populations of type II innate lymphoid cells in modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2021Review
- Fluorescence Signal Enhancement in Antibody Microarrays Using Lightguiding Nanowires.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Bronchial asthma control degree and the temperament structure according to the Eysenck model.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2020Article
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- Covid-19 Pandemic: Maximizing Future Vaccination Treatments Considering Aging and Frailty.Frontiers in medicine · 2020Article
- Serum interferon-gamma level is associated with drug-naïve major depressive disorder.SAGE open medicine · 2020Article
- Mir363-3p attenuates post-stroke depressive-like behaviors in middle-aged female rats.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInflammatory mediators in both the peripheral circulation and central nervous system (CNS) are dysregulated in major depressive disorder (MDD). Nevertheless, relatively little is known about the role of the T-helper (Th)-2 effector cytokines interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 in MDD.
methodsWe examined the serum levels of these cytokines and a Th-1 comparison cytokine, interferon (IFN)-γ, in 116 individuals (MDD, n = 58; controls, n = 58).
resultsIn our basic multivariate model controlling for the effects of potential confounders on the associations between MDD and the examined cytokines, each 1-unit increase in the serum IL-5 level increased the likelihood of belonging to the MDD group by 76% (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.03-2.99, p = 0.04; model covariates: age, gender, marital status, daily smoking and alcohol use). The likelihood further increased in models additionally controlling for the effects of the use of antidepressants and NSAIDS, and a diagnosis of asthma. No such associations were detected with regard to IL-13 (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.96-1.22, p = 0.22) or IFN-γ (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.05, p = 0.23).
conclusionsElevated levels of IL-5, which uses the neural plasticity-related RAS GTPase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Ras-ERK) pathway to mediate its actions in the central nervous system (CNS), could be one of the factors underlying the depression-related changes in CNS plasticity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.