ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine2011
Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 610 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
610 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,427 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic diversity and drug resistance mutations of HIV-1 in Ghana: a systematic review of two decades.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Community Engagement Within the Evaluation of Public Policies for Zoonotic Spillover Prevention: A Secondary Matrix Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy of interventions targeted at physician prescribers of opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: an overview of systematic reviews.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review in relation to support of diversity in nursing homes.Frontiers in aging · 2024Pooled it
- Evolution of HIV-1 envelope towards reduced neutralization sensitivity, as demonstrated by contemporary HIV-1 subtype B from the United States.PLoS pathogens · 2023Pooled it
- HIV-1 envelope trimer vaccine induces sex-associated differences in antibody responses: a phase 1 clinical trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Wildlife Trade and Genetic Basis of Disease Susceptibility: A Review.International journal of immunogenetics · 2026Review
- NIH Investment in HIV and Implementation Science.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Vpx-mediated Degradation of TASOR Activates Innate Immune Sensing of Nucleic Acids in Infected Cells.Journal of molecular biology · 2026Article
- CypA is a molecular barrier to HIV emergence from Eastern chimpanzees.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Developing Antiviral Vaccines Based on AttenuatedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- MxB N-Terminus Adopts a Stable α-Helix to Engage the HIV-1 Capsid Trimer Interface.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Replication-competent SIVcpz CRISPR screen identifies barriers to successful cross-species transmission.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Viral clinical profile and mortality outcome of adult HIV-positive patients presenting in the emergency department of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Mutation-Tolerant Inhibition of HIV-1 Integrase Strand Transfer by Secondary Metabolites from the Endophytic FungusMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Predicting the evolutionary and structural compensation in Tat ARM region across HIV-1 groups using machine learning approach.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Implications of HIV-1 Subtypes on Pathogenesis, Reservoirs and Cure Strategies.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Seroepidemiology and Reactivation Rates of Cytomegalovirus in HIV-Positive Patients in Istanbul: A Retrospective Analysis.Viruses · 2026Article
550 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) of humans is caused by two lentiviruses, human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Here, we describe the origins and evolution of these viruses, and the circumstances that led to the AIDS pandemic. Both HIVs are the result of multiple cross-species transmissions of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) naturally infecting African primates. Most of these transfers resulted in viruses that spread in humans to only a limited extent. However, one transmission event, involving SIVcpz from chimpanzees in southeastern Cameroon, gave rise to HIV-1 group M-the principal cause of the AIDS pandemic. We discuss how host restriction factors have shaped the emergence of new SIV zoonoses by imposing adaptive hurdles to cross-species transmission and/or secondary spread. We also show that AIDS has likely afflicted chimpanzees long before the emergence of HIV. Tracing the genetic changes that occurred as SIVs crossed from monkeys to apes and from apes to humans provides a new framework to examine the requirements of successful host switches and to gauge future zoonotic risk.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.