ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2012
Incidence, patterns, and predictors of repeat pregnancies among HIV-infected women in the United Kingdom and Ireland, 1990-2009.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Determinants of short interpregnancy intervals in high-income countries: a systematic review.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2025Pooled it
- Determinants and Experiences of Repeat Pregnancy among HIV-Positive Kenyan Women--A Mixed-Methods Analysis.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Changes in characteristics and HIV-clinical outcomes of pregnant people living with HIV in the UK.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- Three-year outcomes for women newly initiated on lifelong antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy - Malawi option B.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Article
- Pregnancy incidence, outcomes and associated factors in a cohort of women living with HIV/AIDS in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1996-2016.Cadernos de saude publica · 2023Article
- Use of antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy and association with birth outcome among women living with HIV in Denmark: A nationwide, population-based cohort study.HIV medicine · 2022Article
- Psychosocial health in pregnancy and postpartum among women living with - and without HIV and non-pregnant women living with HIV living in the Nordic countries - Results from a longitudinal survey study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Repeat Pregnancies Among US Women Living With HIV in the SMARTT Study: Temporal Changes in HIV Disease Status and Predictors of Preterm Birth.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
- Article
- Changing Trends in Pregnancy and Childbirth among Women Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus at a Tertiary Hospital in Korea: A 28-Year Experience.Infection & chemotherapy · 2019Article
- Most women living with HIV can deliver vaginally-National data from Finland 1993-2013.PloS one · 2018Article
- Presentation for care and antenatal management of HIV in the UK, 2009-2014.HIV medicine · 2017Article
- Article
- Reproductive desire in women with HIV infection in Spain, associated factors and motivations: a mixed-method study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2014Article
- Immunologic status and virologic outcomes in repeat pregnancies to HIV-positive women not on antiretroviral therapy at conception: a case for lifelong antiretroviral therapy?AIDS (London, England) · 2014Article
- Elimination of perinatal HIV infection in the USA and other high-income countries: achievements and challenges.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2013Review
- Predictors of pregnancy and changes in pregnancy incidence among HIV-positive women accessing HIV clinical care.AIDS (London, England) · 2013Article
- The impact of African ethnicity and migration on pregnancy in women living with HIV in the UK: design and methods.BMC public health · 2012Article
- The experience of pregnancy among women living with HIV in Nordic countries: A qualitative narrative enquiry.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo explore the pattern of repeat pregnancies among diagnosed HIV-infected women in the United Kingdom and Ireland, estimate the rate of these sequential pregnancies, and investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of women experiencing them.
designDiagnosed HIV-infected pregnant women are reported through an active confidential reporting scheme to the National Study of HIV in Pregnancy and Childhood.
methodsPregnancies occurring during 1990-2009 were included. Multivariable analyses were conducted fitting Cox proportional hazards models.
resultsThere were 14,096 pregnancies in 10,568 women; 2737 (25.9%) had 2 or more pregnancies reported. The rate of repeat pregnancies was 6.7 (95% confidence interval: 6.5 to 7.0) per 100 woman-years. The proportion of pregnancies in women who already had at least 1 pregnancy reported increased from 20.3% (32 of 158) in 1997 to 38.6% (565 of 1465) in 2009 (P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, the probability of repeat pregnancy significantly declined with increasing age at first pregnancy. Parity was also inversely associated with repeat pregnancy. Compared with women born in the United Kingdom or Ireland, those from Europe, Eastern Africa, and Southern Africa were less likely to have a repeat pregnancy, whereas women from Middle Africa and Western Africa were more likely to. Maternal health at first pregnancy was not associated with repeat pregnancy.
conclusionsThe number of diagnosed HIV-infected women in the United Kingdom and Ireland experiencing repeat pregnancies is increasing. Variations in the probability of repeat pregnancies, according to demographic and clinical characteristics, are an important consideration when planning reproductive health services and HIV care for people living with HIV.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.