ArticleNeuropharmacology2012
The role of nausea in food intake and body weight suppression by peripheral GLP-1 receptor agonists, exendin-4 and liraglutide.
Article in Neuropharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 171 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
171 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 267 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Suboptimal Initial Clinical Response and Weight Gain Recurrence After Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Obesity surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Journal of diabetes research · 2015 · on this mapPooled it
- Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on body weight: a meta-analysis.Experimental diabetes research · 2012Pooled it
- Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on sexuality in healthy men: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.EBioMedicine · 2024Trial
- Gastrointestinal tolerability of once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with overweight or obesity, and the relationship between gastrointestinal adverse events and weight loss.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2022Trial
- Testing the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide on cocaine self-administration and subjective responses in humans with cocaine use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Exenatide-induced reduction in energy intake is associated with increase in hypothalamic connectivity.Diabetes care · 2013Trial
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Signaling in Learning and Memory: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Intestinal fructose metabolism drives unsaturated fat absorption and synergizes with GLP-1 receptor agonism to promote weight loss.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Semaglutide drives weight loss through cAMP-dependent mechanisms in GLP1R-expressing hindbrain neurons.Nature metabolism · 2026Article
- A rapid review of the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on opioid and stimulant use-related outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Review
- New Drugs on the Block: Dietary Management and Nutritional Considerations During the Use of Anti-Obesity Medication.Nutrients · 2026Review
- GLP-1R biased cAMP agonism maintains glycemic control with reduced malaise and emesis in preclinical mammalian models.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Prolonged Semaglutide Treatment Reveals Stage-Dependent Changes to Feeding Behavior and Metabolic Adaptations in Male Mice.Diabetes · 2026Article
- GLP-1 agonist liraglutide decreases operant methamphetamine intake in rats under conditions of short- but not extended-access to the drug.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The estrous cycle moderates the food and body weight suppressive effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonism.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Exercise modulates food reward: neurobiological mechanisms and implications for weight management.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota mediates semaglutide attenuation of diabetes-associated cognitive decline.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Article
- GD2TNature communications · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of GLP-1 in Modulating Craving and Addiction: Neurobiological and Translational Insights.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The FDA-approved glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists exendin-4 and liraglutide reduce food intake and body weight. Nausea is the most common adverse side effect reported with these GLP-1R agonists. Whether food intake suppression by exendin-4 and liraglutide occurs independently of nausea is unknown. Further, the neurophysiological mechanisms mediating the nausea associated with peripheral GLP-1R agonist use are poorly understood. Using two established rodent models of nausea [conditioned taste avoidance (CTA) and pica (ingestion of nonnutritive substances)], results show that all peripheral doses of exendin-4 that suppress food intake also produce CTA, whereas one dose of liraglutide suppresses intake without producing CTA. Chronic (12 days) daily peripheral administration of exendin-4 produces a progressive increase in pica coupled with stable, sustained food intake and body weight suppression, whereas the pica response and food intake reduction by daily liraglutide are more transient. Results demonstrate that the nausea response accompanying peripheral exendin-4 occurs via a vagal-independent pathway involving GLP-1R activation in the brain as the exendin-4-induced pica response is attenuated with CNS co-administration of the GLP-1R antagonist exendin-(9-39), but not by vagotomy. Direct administration of exendin-4 to the medial subnucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarius (mNTS), but not to the central nucleus of the amygdala, reduced food intake and produced a pica response, establishing the mNTS as a potential GLP-1R-expressing site mediating nausea responses associated with GLP-1R agonists.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.