ReviewAnnual review of public health2012
Conceptual approaches to the study of health disparities.
Review in Annual review of public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
116 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Single maintenance and reliever therapy strategies for Implementation and effectiveness trial (SMART & SIMPLE Trial): study protocol for a type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the association between mortality and economic status in patients with metabolic syndrome in Korea: a retrospective cohort study using the National Health Screening cohort.Korean journal of family medicine · 2026Article
- Adolescent personal care product use and social media engagement: a pilot study in NJ high school students.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Global trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: understanding trajectories through conceptual frameworks.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Review
- Global trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: understanding trajectories through conceptual frameworks.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Review
- Navigating cervical cancer care in Maputo: a mixed-methods analysis of socioeconomic inequities in patient pathways and health system barriers.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Depression and psychiatric help-seeking as joint outcomes: a Bayesian multilevel analysis of household-level dependence.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Incorporating an equity perspective in systematic reviews of interventions: potential methodological approaches.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Review
- Food, Built and Socio-Economic Environments and Maternal-Infant Outcomes: A Geospatial and Structural Equation Modelling of 163 000 Births.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- The geography of American longevity: structural determinants of a 20-year life expectancy divide and a federal policy blueprint.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- [Geography and health-the example of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bremen].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2025Article
- Assessing the Influence of Redlining on Intergenerational Wealth and Body Mass Index Through a Quasi-experimental Framework.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal Patterns of Non-Communicable Disease Mortality in the Metropolitan Area of the Valley of Mexico, 2000-2019.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Feasible and acceptable social drivers of health screening among patients with chronic liver disease.Hepatology communications · 2025Article
- Residential Segregation and Colorectal Cancer Screening in the United States, 2010 to 2018.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Physical Activity and Eating Habits Are Related to Chronic Disease in the Basic Livelihood Security Program.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Chronic Kidney Disease Is Associated With Increased All-Cause Mortality Risk Among Older Black Adults.Innovation in aging · 2025Article
- Conceptual frameworks for the integration of genetic and social epidemiology in complex diseases.Global epidemiology · 2024Article
- Making end-of-life health disparities in the U.S. visible through family bereavement narratives.PEC innovation · 2024Article
56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
Scientific and policy interest in health disparities, defined as systematic, plausibly avoidable health differences adversely affecting socially disadvantaged groups, has increased markedly over the past few decades. Like other research, research in health disparities is strongly influenced by the underlying conceptual model of the hypothetical causes of disparities. Conceptual models are important and a major source of debate because multiple types of factors and processes may be involved in generating disparities, because different disciplines emphasize different types of factors, and because the conceptual model often drives what is studied, how results are interpreted, and which interventions are identified as most promising. This article reviews common conceptual approaches to health disparities including the genetic model, the fundamental cause model, the pathways model, and the interaction model. Strengths and limitations of the approaches are highlighted. The article concludes by outlining key elements and implications of an integrative systems-based conceptual model.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.