ReviewAnnual review of clinical psychology2012
A "SMART" design for building individualized treatment sequences.
Review in Annual review of clinical psychology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 7 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 277 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Primary Care-Based Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Use Among HIV Patients
Evaluating Options for Non-Responders: A SMART Approach to Enhancing Weight Loss
Screen, Treat and Retain Meth-using People With Opioid Use Disorders at Methadone Clinics
An Implementation Study of Suicide Risk Management Among Discharged Psychiatric Patients Based on Brief Contact Interventions and Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial
Evaluating the Feasibility of a School-based Stepped Care Program for Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescents in Pakistan
Reducing Dropout and Improving Outcomes From PTSD Therapy: When to Switch Therapies or Stay the Course
Population Health Management Approaches to Increase Lung Cancer Screening in Community Health Centers - UG3 Pilot Clinical Trial
Who cites it
277 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Investigating strategies to increase general education teachers' adherence to evidence-based social-emotional behavior practices: A meta-analysis of the single-case literature.Journal of school psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Sequential multiple assignment randomized trial studies should report all key components: a systematic review.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Behavior Change Techniques in Physical Activity Interventions for Multiple Sclerosis.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2021Pooled it
- Quantitative Evidence Synthesis Methods for the Assessment of the Effectiveness of Treatment Sequences for Clinical and Economic Decision Making: A Review and Taxonomy of Simplifying Assumptions.PharmacoEconomics · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Combination Behavioral Interventions Co-Targeting Psychosocial Syndemics and HIV-Related Health Behaviors for Sexual Minority Men.Journal of sex research · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of Specialized Pediatric Palliative Care: A Systematic Review.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2020Pooled it
- Interventions to improve adherence to surveillance guidelines in survivors of childhood cancer: a systematic review.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2019Pooled it
- Technology-Based Interventions to Reduce Sexually Transmitted Infections and Unintended Pregnancy Among Youth.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Potential Benefits of Incorporating Peer-to-Peer Interactions Into Digital Interventions for Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2018Pooled it
- Information Architecture of Web-Based Interventions to Improve Health Outcomes: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2018Pooled it
- Behavioral Modification as a Putative Mediator of Digital Therapeutic Response in Temporomandibular Disorders: Secondary Analysis of a Multicenter Sham-Controlled Randomized Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Trial
- Skills Training in Affective Recovery Video and Text Programs for Recent Sexual Assault Survivors: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Enhancing quality of life through tailored interventions for men living with HIV.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Personalization Strategies for Increasing Engagement With Digital Mental Health Resources: Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial.JMIR mental health · 2025Trial
- Message-Based vs Video-Based Psychotherapy for Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Multimodal Intervention and Child Passenger Safety Guideline Adherence in Young Children: A Sequential, Multiple-Assignment, Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Examining interrelations among trajectories of mindful awareness, acceptance, and values-consistent actions in acceptance-based behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder.Cognitive behaviour therapy · 2025Trial
- Treatment Choices for Youth at Clinical High-Risk of Psychosis: Methods of an Open Trial.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Adaptive interventions for alcohol misuse and violent behaviors among adolescents and emerging adults in the emergency department: Outcomes from a sequential multiple assignment randomized controlled trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
217 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Interventions often involve a sequence of decisions. For example, clinicians frequently adapt the intervention to an individual's outcomes. Altering the intensity and type of intervention over time is crucial for many reasons, such as to obtain improvement if the individual is not responding or to reduce costs and burden when intensive treatment is no longer necessary. Adaptive interventions utilize individual variables (severity, preferences) to adapt the intervention and then dynamically utilize individual outcomes (response to treatment, adherence) to readapt the intervention. The Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART) provides high-quality data that can be used to construct adaptive interventions. We review the SMART and highlight its advantages in constructing and revising adaptive interventions as compared to alternative experimental designs. Selected examples of SMART studies are described and compared. A data analysis method is provided and illustrated using data from the Extending Treatment Effectiveness of Naltrexone SMART study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.