ArticleCirculation2012
Hyponatremia, hypernatremia, and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease with and without congestive heart failure.
Article in Circulation, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06675591 (Mortality and Neurologic Complications Associated With Rapid Versus Slow Correction of Hyponatremia), which is not on this map. Cited by 131 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Mortality and Neurologic Complications Associated With Rapid Versus Slow Correction of Hyponatremia
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 302 citations in OpenAlex.
- ENDOCRINOLOGY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19-2021 UPDATES: The management of diabetes insipidus and hyponatraemia.European journal of endocrinology · 2021Guideline
- Short- and long-term prognostic value of hyponatremia in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Association of serum sodium and risk of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: A meta-analysis and sysematic review.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Serum sodium and eplerenone use in patients with a myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction or heart failure: insights from the EPHESUS trial.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Association between kidney function and risk of hyponatremia: a single-center, cross-sectional study in the outpatient setting.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Article
- Machine-learning prediction of 30-day infection-related hospitalization in advanced CKD.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- An organic artificial cardiomyocyte.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Electronic health record dynamic features for in-hospital death among chronic kidney disease patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Initial serum chloride is associated with all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Development and validation of machine learning models to predict in-hospital mortality in ICU patients with sepsis and chronic kidney disease.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Echocardiographic Correlates of Hyponatremia in Critically Ill Patients With Heart Failure.International journal of heart failure · 2025Article
- Risk factors for linezolid-associated hyponatremia focused on differences between intravenous and oral administration: a single-center, retrospective study.Journal of pharmaceutical health care and sciences · 2025Article
- The biology of water homeostasis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Review
- Cognitive impairment in CKD patients: a guidance document by the CONNECT network.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- Metabolically stable apelin analogs: development and functional role in water balance and cardiovascular function.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Review
- Serum sodium to chloride ratio and mortality on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a multicenter retrospective study.MedComm · 2025Article
- A qualitative, theory-based exploration of facilitators and barriers for implementation of pharmacist prescribing in chronic kidney disease.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2024Article
- Effect of long-term serum sodium levels on the prognosis of patients on maintenance hemodialysis.Renal failure · 2024Article
- Hyponatremia unleashes neutrophil extracellular traps elevating life-threatening pulmonary embolism risk.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHyponatremia is common in patients with conditions such as congestive heart failure and is associated with increased mortality in hospitalized patients. Congestive heart failure is common in patients with chronic kidney disease, but the association of serum sodium concentration with mortality in such patients is not well characterized. METHODS AND
resultsWe examined the association of serum sodium concentration with all-cause mortality in a nationally representative cohort of 655 493 US veterans with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (95 961 [15%] of them with congestive heart failure). Associations were examined in time-dependent Cox models with adjustment for potential confounders. During a median follow-up of 5.5 years, a total of 193 956 patients died (mortality rate, 62.5/1000 patient-years; 95% confidence interval, 62.2-62.8). The association of serum sodium level with mortality was U-shaped, with the lowest mortality seen in patients with sodium level of 140 mEq/L and with both lower and higher levels showing significant associations with increased mortality. Patients with serum sodium levels of <130, 130 to 135.9, 145.1 to 150, and ≥150 mEq/L compared with 136 to 145 mEq/L had multivariable-adjusted mortality hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 1.93 (1.83-2.03), 1.28 (1.26-1.30), 1.33 (1.28-1.38), and 1.56 (1.33-1.83) (P<0.001 for all). The associations remained consistent in subgroups of patients with and without congestive heart failure.
conclusionsBoth lower and higher serum sodium levels are independently associated with higher mortality in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease, irrespective of the presence or absence of congestive heart failure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.