ArticleAnesthesiology2012
Ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis in the fetal and neonatal rhesus macaque brain.
Article in Anesthesiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 429 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to halogenated ethers causes neurodegeneration and behavioural changes in young healthy experimental animals: a systematic review and meta analyses.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- General anesthesia in children and long-term neurodevelopmental deficits: A systematic review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Esketamine Combined with Dexmedetomidine to reduce Visceral Pain During elective Cesarean Section Under Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia: A double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- Analgesic effects of intravenous ketamine after spinal anaesthesia for non-elective caesarean delivery: a randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2021Trial
- General Anesthetic Exposure in the Management of Pediatric Subglottic Stenosis.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2026Article
- Effects of Repeated Early-life Anesthesia Exposure on Visual System Development in Mice.Anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Influence of Repeated Exposure to Neonatal Isoflurane on Sleep Architecture and Neuronal Delta and Theta Oscillations in Adolescent Rats.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2025Article
- Subcutaneous Buprenorphine Is an Acceptable Preoperative Analgesic in Pregnant Ewes Undergoing Hysterotomy (Ovis aries).Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Neuropsychiatric Effects of Subanesthetic Ketamine Exposure in Pregnant Mice and Their Offspring.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Article
- The role of anesthesia in peri‑operative neurocognitive disorders: Molecular mechanisms and preventive strategies.Fundamental research · 2024Review
- Isoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and NKCC1/KCC2 dysregulation result in long-term cognitive disorder in neonatal mice.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Article
- Pre-adolescence repeat exposure to sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine induces long-lasting behaviors and cognition impairment in male and female rat adults.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Article
- Anti-seizure medication-induced developmental cell death in neonatal rats is unaltered by history of hypoxia.Epilepsy research · 2024Article
- Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Consult Series #68: Sickle cell disease in pregnancy.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Article
- Effects of multiple anesthetic exposures on rhesus macaque brain development: a longitudinal structural MRI analysis.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Emergency department management of acute agitation in the reproductive age female and pregnancy.World journal of emergency medicine · 2024Review
- Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid attenuates cognitive impairment in offspring caused by maternal surgery during mid-pregnancy.PloS one · 2024Article
- Pre-school children single inhalation anesthetic exposure and neuro-psychological development: a prospective study and Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Childhood anaesthesia and autism risk: population and murine study.Brain communications · 2024Article
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExposure of rhesus macaque fetuses for 24 h or neonates for 9 h to ketamine anesthesia causes neuroapoptosis in the developing brain. The current study clarifies the minimum exposure required for and the extent and spatial distribution of ketamine-induced neuroapoptosis in rhesus fetuses and neonates.
methodKetamine was administered by IV infusion for 5 h to postnatal day 6 rhesus neonates or to pregnant rhesus females at 120 days' gestation (full term = 165 days). Three hours later, fetuses were delivered by cesarean section, and the fetal and neonatal brains were studied for evidence of apoptotic neurodegeneration, as determined by activated caspase-3 staining.
resultsBoth the fetal (n = 3) and neonatal (n = 4) ketamine-exposed brains had a significant increase in apoptotic profiles compared with drug-naive controls (fetal n = 4; neonatal n = 5). Loss of neurons attributable to ketamine exposure was 2.2 times greater in fetuses than in neonates. The pattern of neurodegeneration in fetuses was different from that in neonates, and all subjects exposed at either age had a pattern characteristic for that age.
conclusionThe developing rhesus macaque brain is sensitive to the apoptogenic action of ketamine at both a fetal and neonatal age, and exposure duration of 5 h is sufficient to induce a significant neuroapoptosis response at either age. The pattern of neurodegeneration induced by ketamine in fetuses was different from that in neonates, and loss of neurons attributable to ketamine exposure was 2.2 times greater in the fetal than neonatal brains.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.