Trial reportJournal of periodontology2012
Effect of gingivitis on azithromycin concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid.
Trial report in Journal of periodontology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systemic Azithromycin as an Adjunct to Non-Surgical Subgingival Instrumentation in the Treatment of Stage III/IV, Grade C Periodontitis: 12-Month Clinical, Microbiological and Cytokine Results of a Randomised Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2025Trial
- Comparison of Azithromycin and Amoxicillin Before Dental Implant Placement: An Exploratory Study of Bioavailability and Resolution of Postoperative Inflammation.Journal of periodontology · 2015Trial
- Azithromycin in Dentistry: From Systemic Antibiotic to a Candidate for Local Therapeutic Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Comparative Impacts of Oral Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, and Clindamycin on Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Homeostasis.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Subgingivally Delivered 0.5% Azithromycin Gel and 1% Chlorhexidine Gel as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2024Article
- Design and Comparative Evaluation of Vancomycin HCl-Loaded Rosin-Based In Situ Forming Gel and Microparticles.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Inhibition of neutrophil inflammatory mediator expression by azithromycin.Clinical oral investigations · 2020Article
- Comparing the Antimicrobial In Vitro Efficacy of Amoxicillin/Metronidazole against Azithromycin-A Systematic Review.Dentistry journal · 2018Review
- Effect of azithromycin on a red complex polymicrobial biofilm.Journal of oral microbiology · 2017Article
- Relative effectiveness of azithromycin in killing intracellular Porphyromonas gingivalis.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2016Article
- The HPLC assay of concentration of azithromycin from two different manufacturers in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2016Article
- Should Antibiotics Be Prescribed to Treat Chronic Periodontitis?Dental clinics of North America · 2015Review
- Azithromycin enhances phagocytic killing of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Y4 by human neutrophils.Journal of periodontology · 2015Article
- Resolution of localized chronic periodontitis associated with longstanding calculus deposits.Case reports in dentistry · 2014Article
- Antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties of azithromycin treatment implications for periodontitis.Inflammopharmacology · 2013Review
- Azithromycin kills invasive Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in gingival epithelial cells.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMacrolide antibiotics yield high concentrations in inflamed tissue, suggesting that their levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) could be increased at gingivitis sites. However, the increased volume of GCF associated with gingivitis could potentially dilute macrolides. To determine whether these assumptions are correct, the bioavailability of systemically administered azithromycin was compared in GCF from healthy and gingivitis sites.
methodsExperimental gingivitis was induced in one maxillary posterior sextant in nine healthy individuals. Contralateral healthy sextants served as controls. Participants ingested 500 mg azithromycin, followed by a 250-mg dose 24 hours later. Four hours after the second dose, plaque was removed from experimental sites. GCF was collected from eight surfaces in both the experimental and control sextants and pooled separately. GCF samples were subsequently collected on days 2, 3, 8, and 15, and azithromycin content was determined by agar diffusion bioassay.
resultsOn days 2 and 3, the pooled GCF volume at experimental sites was significantly higher than at control sites (P <0.01), and the total azithromycin mass in 30-second GCF samples pooled from experimental sites was significantly higher than at control sites (P <0.02). However, there were no significant differences in azithromycin concentration between the experimental and control pools at any point. Concentrations exceeded 7.3 μg/mL on day 2 and 2.5 μg/mL on day 15.
conclusionAzithromycin concentrations are similar in GCF from gingivitis sites and healthy sites, suggesting that the processes that regulate GCF azithromycin concentration can compensate for local inflammatory changes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.