ArticleInternational journal of oncology2012
Low circulating serum levels of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac/DIABLO) in patients with bladder cancer.
Article in International journal of oncology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Current Status of the Liver Liquid Biopsy in MASH Related HCC: Overview and Future Directions.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Review
- Smac combined with DDP can inhibit drug resistance of ovarian cancer through regulation of Survivin expression.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2018Article
- Prognostic significance of pretreatment VEGF, survivin, and Smac/DIABLO serum levels in patients with serous ovarian carcinoma.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2015Article
- IAP proteins as targets for drug development in oncology.OncoTargets and therapy · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smac/DIABLO promotes apoptosis by antagonizing inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. The expression of Smac/DIABLO in tissues has been reported in various cancers; however, little is known about circulating levels of Smac/DIABLO. The present study was designed to first determine if Smac/DIABLO can be detected in the serum and then assess whether the circulating levels of Smac/DIABLO are of prognostic significance in patients with bladder cancer. The levels of Smac/DIABLO in the sera of 173 patients with bladder cancer and 36 normal donors were determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean serum level of Smac/DIABLO in patients with bladder cancer was approximately 2-fold lower than that in normal donors. The mean level of serum Smac/DIABLO in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer was lower than that in patients with non-muscle invasive cancer. In addition, the mean serum Smac/DIABLO level in patients with T4 muscle-invasive bladder cancer was lower than that in patients with T2 and T3 cancers. The mean serum level of Smac/DIABLO in patients with Grade 3 bladder cancer was lower than that in patients with Grade 1 and Grade 2 cancers. Analysis by Kaplan-Meier revealed that patients with Ta and T1 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer with high level of serum Smac/DIABLO (more than mean value) had a longer post-operative tumor-free interval than those with low level (less than mean value) in the 3-year follow-up. Furthermore, patients with T2-T4 muscle-invasive bladder cancer with high serum Smac/DIABLO level (more than mean value) had a higher post-operative disease-free rate when compared with patients with low level (less than mean value) in the 5-year follow-up. The present study is the first to analyze circulating levels of Smac/DIABLO in the serum. The findings demonstrate that the mean serum level of Smac/DIABLO was downregulated in patients with bladder cancer compared to control healthy individuals, especially high grade muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Noteworthy, lower serum level of Smac/DIABLO predicted early recurrence in patients with bladder cancer. Overall, the findings suggest that measuring the levels of Smac/DIABLO in the serum may be considered a prognostic parameter in patients with bladder cancer. Furthermore, Smac/DIABLO may be a molecular therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
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