Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22216357›Full record

ArticlePloS one2011

Circadian clocks in mouse and human CD4+ T cells.

Thomas Bollinger, Anton Leutz, Alexei Leliavski, Ludmila Skrum, Judit Kovac, Luigi Bonacina, Christian Benedict, Tanja Lange, Jürgen Westermann, Henrik Oster and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
107citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

107 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 198 citations in OpenAlex.

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47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Thomas BollingerInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. Thomas.Bollinger@uk-sh.de
Anton Leutz
Alexei Leliavski
Ludmila Skrum
Judit Kovac
Luigi Bonacina
Christian Benedict
Tanja Lange
Jürgen Westermann
Henrik Oster
Werner Solbach
University of Lübeck · DEMax Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry · DEInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene · DEUniversity of Geneva · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Though it has been shown that immunological functions of CD4+ T cells are time of day-dependent, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely obscure. To address the question whether T cells themselves harbor a functional clock driving circadian rhythms of immune function, we analyzed clock gene expression by qPCR in unstimulated CD4+ T cells and immune responses of PMA/ionomycin stimulated CD4+ T cells by FACS analysis purified from blood of healthy subjects at different time points throughout the day. Molecular clock as well as immune function was further analyzed in unstimulated T cells which were cultured in serum-free medium with circadian clock reporter systems. We found robust rhythms of clock gene expression as well as, after stimulation, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ production and CD40L expression in freshly isolated CD4+ T cells. Further analysis of IFN-γ and CD40L in cultivated T cells revealed that these parameters remain rhythmic in vitro. Moreover, circadian luciferase reporter activity in CD4+ T cells and in thymic sections from PER2::LUCIFERASE reporter mice suggest that endogenous T cell clock rhythms are self-sustained under constant culture conditions. Microarray analysis of stimulated CD4+ T cell cultures revealed regulation of the NF-κB pathway as a candidate mechanism mediating circadian immune responses. Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time that CD4+ T cell responses are regulated by an intrinsic cellular circadian oscillator capable of driving rhythmic CD4+ T cell immune responses.

Indexed as

Circadian ClocksAnimalsCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCLOCK ProteinsFlow CytometryHumansInterferon-gammaInterleukin-2Interleukin-4IonomycinLymphocyte ActivationMiceOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisTetradecanoylphorbol AcetateCLOCK ProteinsInterferon-gammaInterleukin-2Interleukin-4IonomycinTetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Identifiers

PMID22216357
PMCPMC3247291
OpenAlexW2027980220

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.