ArticlePloS one2011
Intratumoral injection of Propionibacterium acnes suppresses malignant melanoma by enhancing Th1 immune responses.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peptidoglycan Suppresses Melanoma Growth in a Murine Model with Local Immune Activation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cutibacterium acnes-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Progression by Activating the KEAP1-NRF2 Antioxidant Pathway to Suppress Ferroptosis.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- Analysis of intratumoural bacteria: Opportunities and challenges for cancer therapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Microbiome modulation of tumorigenesis and immune responses.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Metabolism-Driven Modulation by the Human Microbiota: Implications for Cancer Therapy and Emerging Strategies.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Intratumoral microbiota and their emerging role in the tumor microenvironment.Microbiome research reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Advances in the Relationship Between Skin Tumor Occurrence, Development, Prognosis, and the Human Microbiome.Current microbiology · 2025Review
- The Role ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Microbiome modulates immunotherapy response in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.Experimental dermatology · 2023Article
- Human skin bacterial microbiota homeostasis: A delicate balance between health and disease.mLife · 2023Review
- Microbiota, Oxidative Stress, and Skin Cancer: An Unexpected Triangle.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The role of the symbiotic microecosystem in cancer: gut microbiota, metabolome, and host immunome.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Role ofMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- The Human Microbiota and Skin Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- From Dysbiosis to Healthy Skin: Major Contributions ofMicroorganisms · 2021Review
- A Janus-Faced Bacterium: Host-Beneficial and -Detrimental Roles ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Article
- Article
- Platelet activation and aggregation by the opportunistic pathogen Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is an aggressive cutaneous malignancy associated with poor prognosis; many putatively therapeutic agents have been administered, but with mostly unsuccessful results. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is an aerotolerant anaerobic gram-positive bacteria that causes acne and inflammation. After being engulfed and processed by phagocytes, P. acnes induces a strong Th1-type cytokine immune response by producing cytokines such as IL-12, IFN-γ and TNF-α. The characteristic Th2-mediated allergic response can be counteracted by Th1 cytokines induced by P. acnes injection. This inflammatory response induced by P. acnes has been suggested to have antitumor activity, but its effect on MM has not been fully evaluated.We analyzed the anti-tumor activity of P. acnes vaccination in a mouse model of MM. Intratumoral administration of P. acnes successfully protected the host against melanoma progression in vivo by inducing both cutaneous and systemic Th1 type cytokine expression, including TNF-α and IFN-γ, which are associated with subcutaneous granuloma formation. P. acnes-treated tumor lesions were infiltrated with TNF-α and IFN-γ positive T cells. In the spleen, TNF-α as well as IFN-γ producing CD8(+)T cells were increased, and interestingly, the number of monocytes was also increased following P. acnes administration. These observations suggest that P. acnes vaccination induces both systemic and local antitumor responses. In conclusion, this study shows that P. acnes vaccination may be a potent therapeutic alternative in MM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.