ArticleSleep2012
A prospective study of sleep duration and pneumonia risk in women.
Article in Sleep, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02887209 (A Pragmatic Pilot Study of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia Among People Living With HIV), which is not on this map. Cited by 100 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pragmatic Pilot Study of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia Among People Living With HIV
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of eHealth Versus In-Person Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Equivalence.JMIR mental health · 2024Pooled it
- Changes in Sleep Duration and Sleep Timing in the General Population from before to during the First COVID-19 Lockdown: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- The relationship between duration and quality of sleep and upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review.Family practice · 2021Pooled it
- Association between periodontal disease and non-apnea sleep disorder: a systematic review.Clinical oral investigations · 2020Pooled it
- Pilot study: an intensive care unit sleep promotion protocol.BMJ open respiratory research · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Sleep disturbance in patients undergoing shoulder surgery: a current concepts review.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2026Review
- Recreational drug inhalation and socioenvironmental determinants of pulmonary infection in patients with HIV: a hospital-based case control study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Asymptomatic COVID-19 among university students during the low-risk transmission period.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Time Restricted Feeding Mitigates High-Fat-Diet Induced Sleep Disruption and Amplifies NREM Substates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Multidimensional Healthy Sleep Characteristics and Pneumonia Risk: A Large-scale, Population-based Prospective Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The impact of sleep duration, sleep debt and insomnia symptoms on infection risk: a longitudinal cohort study with 1-year follow-up.Family practice · 2026Article
- The Interplay Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Respiratory Infections: A Review Article.Thoracic research and practice · 2026Article
- Rationally Designed Dual Kinase Inhibitors for Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea-A Computational Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Article
- Individual associations of self-reported sleep duration, sleep quality, chronotype and social jet lag with infectious disease risk.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Effect of sleep deprivation and stress on periodontal disease: A clinico-biochemical Study.Bioinformation · 2025Article
- Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Periodontal Conditions According to Sleep Duration Using Data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024Article
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Narrative Literature Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Objectively measured peri-vaccination sleep does not predict COVID-19 breakthrough infection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on byTired and sick.2012
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveExperimental data suggest sleep deprivation may impair host immunity. We sought to assess the effect of poor sleep on pneumonia risk.
designProspective, observational cohort study.
participants56,953 female nurses (ages 37 to 57 years old) participating in the Nurses' Health Study II cohort free of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and asthma with no prior history of pneumonia. MEASUREMENTS AND
resultsAt baseline, participants reported their average sleep duration and whether this quantity was adequate for them. Questionnaires ascertaining a new pneumonia diagnosis were mailed every 2 years. Cases required physician diagnosis and chest radiograph confirmation. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relative risk for incident pneumonia over 4 years. Over 217,500 person-years, 977 cases of pneumonia were identified. Relative to 8-h sleepers, both short and long sleep durations were associated with elevated pneumonia risk. The age-adjusted relative risk for pneumonia was 1.70 (95% CI 1.30-2.23) in those sleeping ≤ 5 h and 1.49 (95% CI 1.12-1.98) in those sleeping ≥ 9 h. After adjusting for potential confounders, the relative risks were 1.39 (95% CI: 1.06-1.82) in those sleeping ≤ 5 h and 1.38 (95% CI 1.04-1.84) in those sleeping ≥ 9 h. Perceived inadequate sleep was also associated with pneumonia with a relative risk of 1.50 (95% CI 1.29-1.74) in multivariate models.
conclusionsBoth reduced and prolonged habitual sleep durations are associated with increased risk of pneumonia. Further research is needed to understand how sleep habits can influence immunity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.