ReviewFEMS microbiology reviews2012
Microbial antigenic variation mediated by homologous DNA recombination.
Review in FEMS microbiology reviews, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed.
- Direct visualisation of post-replication gap formation at the bacterial RRS.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Maximizing bacterial survival: integrating sense-and-respond and bet-hedging mechanisms.Trends in microbiology · 2025Review
- How and when organisms edit their own genomes.Nature genetics · 2025Review
- Challenges and opportunities in mRNA vaccine development against bacteria.Nature microbiology · 2025Review
- AncientScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- 100+ years of phase variation: the premier bacterial bet-hedging phenomenon.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2025Review
- Pilin antigenic variants impact gonococcal lifestyle and antibiotic tolerance by modulating interbacterial forces.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Breaking a barrier: In trans vlsE recombination and genetic manipulation of the native vlsE gene of the Lyme disease pathogen.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Phylogeny and divergence of the 100 most commonFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- TelAP2 links TelAP1 to the telomere complex in Trypanosoma brucei.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Intermolecular Gene Conversion for the Equalization of Genome Copies in the Polyploid HaloarchaeonGenes · 2024Article
- Controlling genome topology with sequences that trigger post-replication gap formation during replisome passage: the E. coli RRS elements.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Controlling Genome Topology with Sequences that Trigger Post-replication Gap Formation During Replisome Passage: ThebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Meta-analysis of the Vmp-like sequences of Lyme diseaseFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- RAD51-mediated R-loop formation acts to repair transcription-associated DNA breaks driving antigenic variation inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Generation and Repair of Postreplication Gaps in Escherichia coli.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2023Review
- Evolution of theMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- The Putative Endonuclease Activity of MutL Is Required for the Segmental Gene Conversion Events That Drive Antigenic Variation of the Lyme Disease Spirochete.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Mathematical Modeling of Proliferative Immune Response Initiated by Interactions Between Classical Antigen-Presenting Cells Under Joint Antagonistic IL-2 and IL-4 Signaling.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms employ numerous molecular strategies in order to delay or circumvent recognition by the immune system of their host. One of the most widely used strategies of immune evasion is antigenic variation, in which immunogenic molecules expressed on the surface of a microorganism are continuously modified. As a consequence, the host is forced to constantly adapt its humoral immune response against this pathogen. An antigenic change thus provides the microorganism with an opportunity to persist and/or replicate within the host (population) for an extended period of time or to effectively infect a previously infected host. In most cases, antigenic variation is caused by genetic processes that lead to the modification of the amino acid sequence of a particular antigen or to alterations in the expression of biosynthesis genes that induce changes in the expression of a variant antigen. Here, we will review antigenic variation systems that rely on homologous DNA recombination and that are found in a wide range of cellular, human pathogens, including bacteria (such as Neisseria spp., Borrelia spp., Treponema pallidum, and Mycoplasma spp.), fungi (such as Pneumocystis carinii) and parasites (such as the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei). Specifically, the various DNA recombination-based antigenic variation systems will be discussed with a focus on the employed mechanisms of recombination, the DNA substrates, and the enzymatic machinery involved.
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Registered trials
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