Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22210632›Full record

Trial reportAIDS (London, England)2012

The effectiveness of male circumcision for HIV prevention and effects on risk behaviors in a posttrial follow-up study.

Ron Gray, Godfrey Kigozi, Xiangrong Kong, Victor Ssempiija, Frederick Makumbi, Stephen Wattya, David Serwadda, Fred Nalugoda, Nelson K Sewenkambo, Maria J Wawer

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in AIDS (London, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
104citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
20.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

104 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 212 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021
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  6. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2015
    Guideline
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44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ron GrayJohn Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. rgray@jhsph.edu
Godfrey Kigozi
Xiangrong Kong
Victor Ssempiija
Frederick Makumbi
Stephen Wattya
David Serwadda
Fred Nalugoda
Nelson K Sewenkambo
Maria J Wawer
Johns Hopkins University · USUniversity of Baltimore · US

Funding

Circumcision: HIV/STIs and behaviors in a RCT and post-RCT surveillance; RakaiU01AI075115 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI GRAY, RONALD H · 2007 to 2011
$9.3M
Male Circumcision Trial for HIV Prevention, Rakai-UgandaU01AI051171 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI GRAY, RONALD H · 2002 to 2006
$8.9M
Research Infrastructure for the Hopkins Population CenterR24HD042854 · NICHD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CHERLIN, ANDREW J · 2003 to 2017
$5.1M
NIAID NIH HHS 1U01AI075115-01A1NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI051171NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI075115NIAID NIH HHS U1AI51171NICHD NIH HHS R24 HD042854
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe efficacy of male circumcision for HIV prevention over 2 years has been demonstrated in three randomized trials, but the longer-term effectiveness of male circumcision is unknown.

methodsWe conducted a randomized trial of male circumcision in 4996 HIV-negative men aged 15-49 in Rakai, Uganda. Following trial closure, we offered male circumcision to control participants and have maintained surveillance for up to 4.79 years. HIV incidence per 100 person-years was assessed in an as-treated analysis, and the effectiveness of male circumcision was estimated using Cox regression models, adjusted for sociodemographic and time-dependent sexual behaviors. For men uncircumcised at trial closure, sexual risk behaviors at the last trial and first posttrial visits were assessed by subsequent circumcision acceptance to detect behavioral risk compensation.

resultsBy 15 December 2010, 78.4% of uncircumcised trial participants accepted male circumcision following trial closure. During posttrial surveillance, overall HIV incidence was 0.50/100 person-years in circumcised men and 1.93/100 person-years in uncircumcised men {adjusted effectiveness 73% [95% confidence interval (CI) 55-84%]}. In control arm participants, posttrial HIV incidence was 0.54/100 person-years in circumcised and 1.71/100 person-years in uncircumcised men [adjusted effectiveness 67% (95% CI 38-83%)]. There were no significant differences in sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviors between controls accepting male circumcision and those remaining uncircumcised.

conclusionHigh effectiveness of male circumcision for HIV prevention was maintained for almost 5 years following trial closure. There was no self-selection or evidence of behavioral risk compensation associated with posttrial male circumcision acceptance.

Indexed as

Risk-TakingAdolescentAdultCircumcision, MaleFollow-Up StudiesHIV InfectionsHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedSexual BehaviorTreatment OutcomeUgandaYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID22210632
PMCPMC4296667
OpenAlexW2037087763

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.