ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2012
Phase I trial of tremelimumab in combination with short-term androgen deprivation in patients with PSA-recurrent prostate cancer.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual regulation of CXCR6Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- The Multifaceted Role of Androgen Receptor Signaling in Immunity: Implications for Oncology.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2026Review
- Sex hormones and gender differences in immune responses and anticancer immunity: a comprehensive review.Biologia futura · 2026Review
- Thymic regeneration and tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nanomedicines in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancers: an updated review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer: State of Art and New Therapeutic Perspectives.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Molecular Targeted Therapies in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Recent Advances and Future Challenges.Cancers · 2023Review
- Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): potential, mechanisms of resistance, and strategies for reinvigorating T cell responsiveness when resistance is acquired.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- Prostate Cancer Tumor Stroma: Responsibility in Tumor Biology, Diagnosis and Treatment.Cancers · 2022Review
- Review
- From Therapy Resistance to Targeted Therapies in Prostate Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Prostate cancer immunotherapy: a review of recent advancements with novel treatment methods and efficacy.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2022Review
- Neurotoxicity of Tumor Immunotherapy: The Emergence of Clinical Attention.Journal of oncology · 2022Review
- Immune Checkpoints, Inhibitors and Radionuclides in Prostate Cancer: Promising Combinatorial Therapy Approach.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Immunotherapy in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Where Are We Now?Current treatment options in oncology · 2021Review
- Should androgen deprivation therapy and other systemic treatments be used in men with prostate cancer and a rising PSA post-local treatments?Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2021Review
- The Updated Status and Future Direction of Immunotherapy Targeting B7-H1/PD-1 in Osteosarcoma.Cancer management and research · 2021Review
- Clinical application of immune checkpoints in targeted immunotherapy of prostate cancer.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2020Review
- Emerging therapeutic agents for genitourinary cancers.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2019Review
- The requirement for immune infiltration and organization in the tumor microenvironment for successful immunotherapy in prostate cancer.Urologic oncology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CTLA-4 blockade has demonstrated antitumor efficacy in human clinical trials. The antitumor mechanism is presumably mediated in part by the expansion of tumor-specific T cells. Androgen deprivation, the cornerstone of treatment for patients with metastatic prostate cancer, has been shown to elicit prostate tissue apoptosis and lymphocytic inflammation. We hypothesized that treatment with androgen deprivation, followed by an anti-CTLA-4 antibody, could augment a tumor-specific immune response elicited by androgen deprivation. We report here the results of a phase I trial evaluating a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting CTLA-4, CP-675,206 (tremelimumab), in combination with androgen deprivation using an antiandrogen. Eligible patients were those with PSA-recurrent prostate cancer after primary surgery and/or radiation therapy, not previously treated with androgen deprivation, and without radiographic evidence of metastatic disease. Subjects were treated in two cycles, 3 months apart, in which they received bicalutamide 150 mg daily days 1-28 and tremelimumab on day 29. The primary endpoint of the trial was safety. Secondary endpoints included measures of PSA kinetics and identification of a maximum tolerated dose. Eleven patients were enrolled and completed at least 1 year of follow-up. Dose-limiting toxicities included grade 3 diarrhea and skin rash. No favorable changes in PSA doubling time were observed in a period shortly after completing treatment; however, three patients experienced a prolongation in PSA doubling time detectable several months after completing treatment. The identification of delayed, prolonged favorable changes in serum PSA suggests that future studies could explore this combination in studies evaluating time to disease progression.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.