Trial reportBiological psychiatry2012
The effects of stimulant medication on working memory functional connectivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Trial report in Biological psychiatry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Methylphenidate for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents - assessment of adverse events in non-randomised studies.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Single-dose effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on functional connectivity during an n-back task in boys with ADHD.Psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Methylphenidate, Guanfacine, and Combined Treatment Effects on Electroencephalography Correlates of Spatial Working Memory in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Functional connectivity changes associated with fMRI neurofeedback of right inferior frontal cortex in adolescents with ADHD.NeuroImage · 2019Trial
- Abnormal response to methylphenidate across multiple fMRI procedures in cocaine use disorder: feasibility study.Psychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- Aerobic exercise and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: brain research.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2015Trial
- Trial
- The effects of Psychotropic drugs On Developing brain (ePOD) study: methods and design.BMC psychiatry · 2014Trial
- Reward processing differences in autism: current understandings and future directions.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Review
- Clinical predictors of stimulant efficacy in adults with ADHD.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens predicts clinical course in medication adherent and non-adherent adult ADHD.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Noradrenergic cardiac denervation is associated with gait velocity in Parkinson disease: a dual ligand PET study.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2024Article
- The Impact of Stimulant Medication on the Relation Between Working Memory and Activity Level in ADHD.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2024Article
- Cognition-enhancing and cognition-impairing doses of psychostimulants exert opposing actions on frontostriatal neural coding of delay in working memory.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Brain effective connectivity and functional connectivity as markers of lifespan vascular exposures in middle-aged adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Task-Based Functional Connectivity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2022Review
- Peer feedback decreases impulsive choice in adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.JCPP advances · 2022Article
- A mixed herbal extract as an adjunctive therapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.Integrative medicine research · 2021Article
- Neuropsychological functioning of individuals at clinical evaluation of adult ADHD.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWorking memory impairments are commonly found in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and often improve with psychostimulant treatment. Little is known about how these medications affect the function of frontoparietal brain regions engaged for working memory. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine medication-related changes in brain activation and functional connectivity in ADHD.
methodsEighteen ADHD-combined subtype youths (ages 11-17) twice completed a Sternberg working memory fMRI task in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Medications were individualized as patients' standard, clinically effective psychostimulant (e.g., methylphenidate or dextroamphetamine/amphetamine combination) dose. Brain activity and functional connectivity were characterized using group independent component analysis. SPM5 repeated-measures t tests compared ADHD patients' network engagement and regional functional connectivity on and off medication.
resultsIndependent component analysis identified six frontoparietal networks/components with hemodynamic responses to encoding/maintenance or retrieval phases of the Sternberg fMRI task. On medication, three of these networks significantly increased activation. Functional connectivity analyses found medication led to recruitment of additional brain regions that were not engaged into the networks when participants were on placebo. Also, medication strengthened connectivity of some frontoparietal regions. Many connectivity changes were directly related to improved working memory reaction time. Overall, there was strong evidence for regional functional connectivity changes following medication in structures previously implicated as abnormal in ADHD, such as anterior cingulate, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and precuneus.
conclusionsStimulant medication has widespread effects on the functional connectivity of frontoparietal brain networks, which might be a mechanism that underlies their beneficial effects on working memory performance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.