ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2012
Association of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) with in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocrine-Disrupting Pesticides as Drivers of Human Disease: Mechanistic Toxicology and Life-Course Health Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Adverse Effects of Pesticides on the Ovary: Evidence from Epidemiological and Toxicological Studies.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Endocrine disruptors and pregnancy.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Reproductive toxicity of combined effects of endocrine disruptors on human reproduction.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Prenatal exposure to multiple organochlorine compounds and childhood body mass index.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
- 3D Microtissues Mimic the Architecture, Estradiol Synthesis, and Gap Junction Intercellular Communication of the Avascular Granulosa.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2022Article
- Reproductive Health Risks Associated with Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Pesticides.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Urinary Organophosphate Metabolite Concentrations and Pregnancy Outcomes among Women Conceiving throughEnvironmental health perspectives · 2020Article
- The impact of endocrine disruptor chemicals on oocyte/embryo and clinical outcomes in IVF.Endocrine connections · 2020Review
- Persistent environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals in ovarian follicular fluid andUpsala journal of medical sciences · 2020Review
- Novel Physiology and Definition of Poor Ovarian Response; Clinical Recommendations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Management of Women With an Unexpected Low Ovarian Response to Gonadotropin.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Review
- Dietary patterns and serum of DDT concentrations among reproductive-aged group of women in Bangladesh.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Understanding Ovarian Hypo-Response to Exogenous Gonadotropin in Ovarian Stimulation and Its New Proposed Marker-The Follicle-To-Oocyte (FOI) Index.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Review
- Prenatal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: A Developmental Etiology for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2017Article
- Exposure to Power-Frequency Magnetic Fields and the Risk of Infertility and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Update on the Human Evidence and Recommendations for Future Study Designs.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews · 2016Review
- EDC-2: The Endocrine Society's Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals.Endocrine reviews · 2015Review
- Usefulness of bovine and porcine IVM/IVF models for reproductive toxicology.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2014Review
- Analysis of in vitro fertilization data with multiple outcomes using discrete time-to-event analysis.Statistics in medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) are persistent chlorinated pesticides with endocrine activity that may adversely affect the early stages of human reproduction.
objectiveOur goal was to determine the association of serum levels of HCB, DDT, and DDE with implantation failure, chemical pregnancy, and spontaneous abortion in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) from 1994 to 2003.
methodsLevels of HCB and congeners of DDT and DDE were measured in serum collected during the follicular phase. Multivariable-adjusted statistical models accommodating multiple outcomes and multiple cycles per woman were used to estimate the relation between serum pesticide levels and IVF outcomes.
resultsA total of 720 women with a mean ± SD age 35.4 ± 4.2 years at enrollment contributed 774 IVF cycles. All samples had detectable levels of HCB, DDT, and DDE, with median levels of 0.087 ng/g serum for HCB, 1.12 ng/g serum for total DDT, and 1.04 ng/g serum for p,p´-DDE. Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1) of HCB, the lipid- and multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for failed implantation was significantly elevated for those with higher HCB quartiles [Q2-Q4; adjusted ORs: for Q2, 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 2.82; for Q3, 2.30; 95% CI: 1.39, 3.81; for Q4, 2.32; 95% CI: 1.38, 3.90] and showed a significantly increasing trend (p = 0.001). No statistically significant associations were observed between DDT/DDE and IVF outcomes or between HCB and chemical pregnancy or spontaneous abortion.
conclusionsSerum HCB concentrations were on average lower than that of the general U.S. population and associated with failed implantation among women undergoing IVF.
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