Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22203956›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012

Secreted Wingless-interacting molecule (Swim) promotes long-range signaling by maintaining Wingless solubility.

Kimberly A Mulligan, Christophe Fuerer, Wendy Ching, Matt Fish, Karl Willert, Roeland Nusse

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
107citing papers in PubMed
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

107 citing papers in PubMed, 186 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Wnt signaling - using the bloodstream to send a message.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Fungal evasion ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. The origin and evolution of Wnt signalling.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2024
    Review
  11. Article
  12. New insights in ubiquitin-dependent Wnt receptor regulation in tumorigenesis.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2024
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Structure of WNT inhibitor adenomatosis polyposis coli down-regulated 1 (APCDD1), a cell-surface lipid-binding protein.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  20. Review

47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Kimberly A MulliganThe Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Christophe Fuerer
Wendy Ching
Matt Fish
Karl Willert
Roeland Nusse
Stanford University · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

Howard Hughes Medical Institute
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Lipid-modified Wnt/Wingless (Wg) proteins can signal to their target cells in a short- or long-range manner. How these hydrophobic proteins travel through the extracellular environment remains an outstanding question. Here, we report on a Wg binding protein, Secreted Wg-interacting molecule (Swim), that facilitates Wg diffusion through the extracellular matrix. Swim, a putative member of the Lipocalin family of extracellular transport proteins, binds to Wg with nanomolar affinity in a lipid-dependent manner. In quantitative signaling assays, Swim is sufficient to maintain the solubility and activity of purified Wg. In Drosophila, swim RNAi phenotypes resemble wg loss-of-function phenotypes in long-range signaling. We propose that Swim is a cofactor that promotes long-range Wg signaling in vivo by maintaining the solubility of Wg.

Indexed as

Amino Acid SequenceAnimalsBiological TransportDNA PrimersDrosophilaDrosophila ProteinsEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayExtracellular MatrixImmunohistochemistryLipocalinsMolecular Sequence DataPlasmidsReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionRNA InterferenceSequence AlignmentSignal TransductionDNA PrimersDrosophila ProteinsLipocalinsSwim protein, Drosophilawg protein, DrosophilaWnt1 Protein

Identifiers

PMID22203956
PMCPMC3258625
OpenAlexW2136576944

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.