ArticleObstetrics and gynecology international2012
The Fetal Safety of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers.
Article in Obstetrics and gynecology international, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04338009 (The Randomized Elimination or Prolongation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Coronavirus Disease 2019), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Randomized Elimination or Prolongation of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Coronavirus Disease 2019
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with first-trimester exposure to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2020Pooled it
- In-utero exposure to antihypertensive medication and neonatal and child health outcomes: a systematic review.Journal of hypertension · 2017Pooled it
- Secondary Pharmacology Targets for Pediatric Developmental Safety Assessment of New Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology Considerations.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Updates in the 2025 AHA/ACC Hypertension Guideline.Current hypertension reports · 2026Review
- Safety of Antihypertensive Medication for the Management of Non-Severe Gestational Hypertension Among Pregnant Individuals in Botswana-Emulating a Series of Target Trials.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension 2025 (JSH2025).Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Inhibition of the ATAmerican journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2022Article
- ACE inhibitors on ACE1, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 expression and spheroid attachment on human endometrial Ishikawa cells.Reproductive biology · 2022Article
- Toward personalized management of chronic hypertension in pregnancy.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Review
- Activation of angiotensin type 2 receptor attenuates testosterone-induced hypertension and uterine vascular resistance in pregnant rats†.Biology of reproduction · 2021Article
- Valsartan exposure in pregnancy with resultant anhydramnios and chronic kidney disease in a late preterm infant.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Available medications used as potential therapeutics for COVID-19: What are the known safety profiles in pregnancy.PloS one · 2021Article
- Prevalence and safety of prescription medicine use during pregnancy in the Republic of Suriname in the year 2017: a pharmacoepidemiological analysis.Advances in pharmacoepidemiology & drug safety · 2021Article
- Pregnancy protection and pregnancies in women prescribed ACE inhibitors or ARBs: a cross-sectional study in primary care.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2020Article
- In Utero Antihypertensive Medication Exposure and Neonatal Outcomes: A Data Linkage Cohort Study.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2020Article
- Pharmacological Approach to Managing Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus During Conception, Pregnancy and Breastfeeding.Paediatric drugs · 2018Review
- Pregnancy outcome after first trimester use of angiotensin AT1 receptor blockers: an observational cohort study.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2018Observational
- Review
- Long-Term Consequences of Fetal Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Exposure.Case reports in pediatrics · 2018Article
- Pomegranate Juice Supplementation Alters Utero-Placental Vascular Function and Fetal Growth in the eNOSFrontiers in physiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are known to cause fetal renal damage in pregnancy. Due to conflicting reports in the literature, their safety after first trimester exposure has been debated. Our aim was to determine whether the use of ACE inhibitors or ARBs in the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for major malformations or other adverse outcomes. All subjects were prospectively enrolled from among women contacting a teratogen information service. At initial contact, details of maternal medical history and exposures were collected and follow-up interviews were conducted to ascertain pregnancy outcomes. Two comparator groups, women with hypertension treated with other antihypertensives, and healthy controls were also recruited. Baseline maternal characteristics were not different among the three groups. There were no differences in rates of major malformations. Both the ACE-ARBs and disease-matched groups exhibited significantly lower birth weight and gestational ages than the healthy controls (P < 0.001 for both variables). There was a significantly higher rate of miscarriage noted in the ACE/ARB group (P < 0.001). These results suggest that ACE inhibitors/ARBs are not major human teratogens; however, they may be associated with an increased risk for miscarriage.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.