ArticleDemography2012
Beyond absenteeism: father incarceration and child development.
Article in Demography, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- All in the Family? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parenting and Family Environment as Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2024Pooled it
- Parental Incarceration, Development, and Well-Being: A Developmental Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Children's antisocial behavior, mental health, drug use, and educational performance after parental incarceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin · 2012Pooled it
- Parental incarceration and psychiatric disorders, suicidal behavior, risk-taking, and substance misuse events in offspring: A longitudinal within-individual study.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Short-Term Consequences of Parents' Criminal Legal System Involvement for Children's Academic Performance.Children and youth services review · 2026Article
- Health consequences of paternal incarceration using a future-treated control group.Health & justice · 2026Article
- State-level changes in racial disparities in probation and parole rates in the United States, 2001-2018.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Incarceration and Psychiatric Emergency Department Visits Among Black Americans.The Milbank quarterly · 2025Article
- Refusal of male partner responsibility and pregnancy support: prevalence, associated factors and health outcomes in a cross sectional study in Harare, Zimbabwe.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Leveraging the science of early life predictability to inform policies promoting child health.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2024Review
- Racial Disparities in the Relationship between Parental Incarceration and Childhood Obesity.Population research and policy review · 2024Article
- Community and household-level incarceration and its association with mental health in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of families.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Annual Research Review: The power of predictability - patterns of signals in early life shape neurodevelopment and mental health trajectories.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2024Review
- Parental incarceration in childhood and violent delinquent behaviors in adulthood: Race/ethnicity and sex differences.Journal of family trauma, child custody & child development · 2024Article
- PARENTAL INCARCERATION IN CHILDHOOD AND ADULT INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE PERPETRATION: Race/Ethnicity and Sex Differences.Criminal justice and behavior · 2023Article
- Parental Incarceration and Parent-Youth Closeness.Journal of marriage and the family · 2023Article
- The intergenerational effects of paternal incarceration on children's social and psychological well-being from early childhood to adolescence.Development and psychopathology · 2023Article
- Vicarious Exposure to the Criminal Legal System Among Parents and Siblings.Journal of marriage and the family · 2022Article
- Parental Arrest and Child Behavior: Differential Role of Executive Functioning among Racial Subgroups.Journal of child and family studies · 2022Article
- Parental incarceration and child physical health outcomes from infancy to adulthood: A critical review and multilevel model of potential pathways.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2022Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
High rates of incarceration among American men, coupled with high rates of fatherhood among men in prison, have motivated recent research on the effects of parental imprisonment on children's development. We use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to examine the relationship between paternal incarceration and developmental outcomes for approximately 3,000 urban children. We estimate cross-sectional and longitudinal regression models that control not only for fathers' basic demographic characteristics and a rich set of potential confounders, but also for several measures of pre-incarceration child development and family fixed effects. We find significant increases in aggressive behaviors and some evidence of increased attention problems among children whose fathers are incarcerated. The estimated effects of paternal incarceration are stronger than those of other forms of father absence, suggesting that children with incarcerated fathers may require specialized support from caretakers, teachers, and social service providers. The estimated effects are stronger for children who lived with their fathers prior to incarceration but are also significant for children of nonresident fathers, suggesting that incarceration places children at risk through family hardships including and beyond parent-child separation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.