ArticleInfection and immunity2012
Broadly protective Shigella vaccine based on type III secretion apparatus proteins.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparison of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in Shigella between Europe-America and Asia-Africa from 1998 to 2012.Epidemiology and infection · 2015Pooled it
- Vaccines for the prevention of diarrhea due to cholera, shigella, ETEC and rotavirus.BMC public health · 2013Pooled it
- Effects of improved water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition on early childhood IgG immune repertoire development againstmSphere · 2026Trial
- T cell mediated immunity induced by the live-attenuated Shigella flexneri 2a vaccine candidate CVD 1208S in humans.Journal of translational medicine · 2018Trial
- Virulence factors associated with pediatric shigellosis in Brazilian Amazon.BioMed research international · 2014Trial
- Review
- Comparative immunogenicity and protective efficacy of BECC438 and BECC470 adjuvants in a vaccine formulation againstFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunoinformatics-based design of a next generation multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Shigella boydii using a hierarchical subtractive proteomics approach.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of improved water, sanitation, handwashing and nutrition on early childhood IgG immune repertoire development againstmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Neutralizing antibodies induced by IpaB and IpaC mRNA vaccines inhibitMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Characterization ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Conserved antigens for enteric vaccines.Vaccine · 2025Review
- A newly developed oral infection mouse model of shigellosis for immunogenicity and protective efficacy studies of a candidate vaccine.Infection and immunity · 2025Article
- A broad spectrum Shigella vaccine based on VirGNPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Spatial visualization provides insight into immune modulation by an L-DBF vaccine formulation againstFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The fusion subunit vaccine L-DBF protects aged mice against heterologous lethalFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Discovery of protease inhibitors from bacteria as novel adjuvants for oral vaccine formulations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Mapping the functional B-cell epitopes ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Shigella spp. are food- and waterborne pathogens that cause severe diarrheal and dysenteric disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Individuals most often affected are children under 5 years of age in the developing world. The existence of multiple Shigella serotypes and the heterogenic distribution of pathogenic strains, as well as emerging antibiotic resistance, require the development of a broadly protective vaccine. All Shigella spp. utilize a type III secretion system (TTSS) to initiate infection. The type III secretion apparatus (TTSA) is the molecular needle and syringe that form the energized conduit between the bacterial cytoplasm and the host cell to transport effector proteins that manipulate cellular processes to benefit the pathogen. IpaB and IpaD form a tip complex atop the TTSA needle and are required for pathogenesis. Because they are common to all virulent Shigella spp., they are ideal candidate antigens for a subunit-based, broad-spectrum vaccine. We examined the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of IpaB and IpaD, alone or combined, coadministered with a double mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) from Escherichia coli, used as a mucosal adjuvant, in a mouse model of intranasal immunization and pulmonary challenge. Robust systemic and mucosal antibody- and T cell-mediated immunities were induced against both proteins, particularly IpaB. Mice immunized in the presence of dmLT with IpaB alone or IpaB combined with IpaD were fully protected against lethal pulmonary infection with Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei. We provide the first demonstration that the Shigella TTSAs IpaB and IpaD are promising antigens for the development of a cross-protective Shigella vaccine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.