ReviewFrontiers in bioscience (Elite edition)2012
Toxicological significance of azo dye metabolism by human intestinal microbiota.
Review in Frontiers in bioscience (Elite edition), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of systematic evidence mapping to identify available data on the potential human health hazards of selected market-relevant azo dyes.Environment international · 2023Pooled it
- Analysis of taste and non-volatile compound differences in jujube pigments from different sources using multiple techniques.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Divinylbenzene-Cinnamic Acid Porous Copolymers for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue from Water.Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2026Article
- A New Surface Decorated Geopolymer Matrix: Insights and Modeling into Comprehensive Sorptive Decolorization Applications.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Food colouring additives and cancer incidence in the NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- A Potent Quinone Reductase Encoded byMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Highly Sensitive SERS Detection of Food Colorants via Charge Transfer of Metal and Semiconductor in Ag/TiOFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Common Food Additives Inhibit Carbonic Anhydrase Activity.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2025Article
- Investigation of Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherms of Synthetic Dyes on Biochar Derived from Post-Coagulation Sludge.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Diet's impact on gut microbial assemblage in health and disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- An Overview of Colon Specific Drug Delivery: Approaches and Evaluation Aspects.Current drug research reviews · 2025Review
- Genomic Insights of Wheat Root-AssociatedMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Allura Red AC is a xenobiotic. Is it also a carcinogen?Carcinogenesis · 2024Review
- Assessment of synthetic food dye erythrosine induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, biochemical and molecular alterations inToxicology research · 2024Article
- Natural Pigments Recovery from Food By-Products: Health Benefits towards the Food Industry.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Comparison of the effect of Sunset yellow on the stomach and small intestine of developmental period of mice.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Determination of the effects of sunset yellow on mouse liver and pancreas using histological methods.Toxicology research · 2024Article
- Combining ion mobility spectrometry and chemometrics for detecting synthetic colorants in black tea: A reliable and fast method.Food chemistry: X · 2024Article
- Review
- Evaluation of azo dyes degradation potential of fungal strains and their role in wastewater treatment.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Approximately 0.7 million tons of azo dyes are synthesized each year. Azo dyes are composed of one or more R₁-N=N-R₂ linkages. Studies have shown that both mammalian and microbial azoreductases cleave the azo bonds of the dyes to form compounds that are potentially genotoxic. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a diverse microbiota comprised of at least several thousand species. Both water-soluble and water-insoluble azo dyes can be reduced by intestinal bacteria. Some of the metabolites produced by intestinal microbiota have been shown to be carcinogenic to humans although the parent azo dyes may not be classified as being carcinogenic. Azoreductase activity is commonly found in intestinal bacteria. Three types of azoreductases have been characterized in bacteria. They are flavin dependent NADH preferred azoreductase, flavin dependent NADPH preferred azoreductase, and flavin free NADPH preferred azoreductase. This review highlights how azo dyes are metabolized by intestinal bacteria, mechanisms of azo reduction, and the potential contribution in the carcinogenesis/mutagenesis of the reduction of the azo dyes by intestinal microbiota.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.