ArticleDevelopmental biology2012
Specification of GnRH-1 neurons by antagonistic FGF and retinoic acid signaling.
Article in Developmental biology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanical constraints on cell plasticity: insights from the olfactory epithelium.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Making a head: Neural crest and ectodermal placodes in cranial sensory development.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2023Review
- Identity, lineage and fates of a temporally distinct progenitor population in the embryonic olfactory epithelium.Developmental biology · 2023Article
- The initiation and maintenance of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron identity in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- FGF8-FGFR1 signaling regulates human GnRH neuron differentiation in a time- and dose-dependent manner.Disease models & mechanisms · 2022Article
- Retroviral lineage analysis reveals dual contribution from ectodermal placodes and neural crest cells to avian olfactory sensory and GnRH neurons.Natural sciences (Weinheim, Germany) · 2022Article
- The evolutionary origins of the vertebrate olfactory system.Open biology · 2020Review
- Nasal Placode Development, GnRH Neuronal Migration and Kallmann Syndrome.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2019Article
- RNF216 Regulates the Migration of Immortalized GnRH Neurons by Suppressing Beclin1-Mediated Autophagy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
- Neural crest Notch/Rbpj signaling regulates olfactory gliogenesis and neuronal migration.Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) · 2018Article
- Article
- Systems biology of facial development: contributions of ectoderm and mesenchyme.Developmental biology · 2017Article
- Evidence for a Notch1-mediated transition during olfactory ensheathing cell development.Journal of anatomy · 2016Article
- Development of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Secreting Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.Stem cell reports · 2016Article
- The Regulation and Function of Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 and Its Function during Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuron Development.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2016Review
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 8 Expression in GT1-7 GnRH-Secreting Neurons Is Androgen-Independent, but Can Be Upregulated by the Inhibition of DNA Methyltransferases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2016Article
- Origin and early development of the chicken adenohypophysis.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2015Article
- GnRH, anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--where are we?Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2015Review
- Neural crest and placode interaction during the development of the cranial sensory system.Developmental biology · 2014Review
- Establishing the pre-placodal region and breaking it into placodes with distinct identities.Developmental biology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A small population of neuroendocrine cells in the rostral hypothalamus and basal forebrain is the key regulator of vertebrate reproduction. They secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH-1), communicate with many areas of the brain and integrate multiple inputs to control gonad maturation, puberty and sexual behavior. In humans, disruption of the GnRH-1 system leads to hypogonadotropic gonadism and Kallmann syndrome. Unlike other neurons in the central nervous system, GnRH-1 neurons arise in the periphery, however their embryonic origin is controversial, and the molecular mechanisms that control their initial specification are not clear. Here, we provide evidence that in chick GnRH-1 neurons originate in the olfactory placode, where they are specified shortly after olfactory sensory neurons. FGF signaling is required and sufficient to induce GnRH-1 neurons, while retinoic acid represses their formation. Both pathways regulate and antagonize each other and our results suggest that the timing of signaling is critical for normal GnRH-1 neuron formation. While Kallmann's syndrome has generally been attributed to a failure of GnRH-1 neuron migration due to impaired FGF signaling, our findings suggest that in at least some Kallmann patients these neurons may never be specified. In addition, this study highlights the intimate embryonic relationship between GnRH-1 neurons and their targets and modulators in the adult.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.