Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22199026›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2012

Gene-environment interactions in genome-wide association studies: a comparative study of tests applied to empirical studies of type 2 diabetes.

Marilyn C Cornelis, Eric J Tchetgen Tchetgen, Liming Liang, Lu Qi, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Frank B Hu, Peter Kraft

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

75 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. A trans-omics gene-smoking interaction study of lung cancer based on consortium data.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026
    Article
  6. Robust Mixed Model Association Test for Gene-Environment Interactions.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
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  16. Gene-Environment Interaction: A Variable Selection Perspective.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2021
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Marilyn C CornelisDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. mcorneli@hsph.harvard.edu
Eric J Tchetgen Tchetgen
Liming Liang
Lu Qi
Nilanjan Chatterjee
Frank B Hu
Peter Kraft

Funding

Subject CollectionU10AA008401 · NIAAA · SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER · PI Yunlong Liu · 1989 to 2026
$162.7M
Statistical MethodsP01CA087969 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI ROSNER, BERNARD A · 2000 to 2019
$77.8M
Validity of Diet and Activity Measures in WomenP01CA055075 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI RIMM, ERIC B · 1991 to 2009
$41.8M
JH/CIDR Genotyping for Genome-Wide Association StudiesU01HG004438 · NHGRI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI VALLE, DAVID · 2007 to 2011
$24.2M
GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CANCER IN MULTIETHNIC COHORTSR01CA063464 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI HENDERSON, BRIAN E · 2001 to 2005
$23.2M
Multiethnic Cohort Study of Diet and CancerR37CA054281 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI KOLONEL, LAURENCE N. · 2003 to 2012
$23.2M
A Center for GEI Association StudiesU01HG004424 · NHGRI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GABRIEL, STACEY · 2007 to 2010
$21.4M
The Collaborative Genetic Study of Nicotine DependenceP01CA089392 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BIERUT, LAURA J. · 2001 to 2012
$17.3M
A Genome-wide Association Study of Prostate Cancer in African AmericansU01CA136792 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI HENDERSON, BRIAN E · 2009 to 2011
$9.4M
BIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC MARKERS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES RISKR01DK058845 · NIDDK · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI HU, FRANK B · 2001 to 2013
$7.8M
Genome Wide Association Coordinating CenterU01HG004446 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI WEIR, BRUCE S. · 2007 to 2011
$6.6M
MULTIETHNIC/MINORITY COHORT STUDY OF DIET AND CANCERR01CA054281 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI KOLONEL, LAURENCE N. · 1993 to 2002
$4.5M
CIHRIntramural NIH HHS Z01 CP010200NCI NIH HHS CA136792NCI NIH HHS CA54281NCI NIH HHS CA63464NCI NIH HHS P01 CA055075NCI NIH HHS P01CA055075NCI NIH HHS P01 CA087969NCI NIH HHS P01CA087969NCI NIH HHS P01 CA089392NCI NIH HHS P01CA089392NCI NIH HHS R01 CA054281NCI NIH HHS R01 CA063464NCI NIH HHS R37 CA054281NCI NIH HHS U01 CA063464NCI NIH HHS U01 CA136792NHGRI NIH HHS HHSN268200782096CNHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004399NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004399NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004402NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004402NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004415NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004415NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004422NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004422NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004423NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004423NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004424NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004436NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004436NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004438NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004438NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004446NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004446NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004726NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004726NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004728NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004728NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004729NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004729NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004735NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004735NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004738NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004738NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG04424NIAAA NIH HHS U10 AA008401NIAAA NIH HHS U10AA008401NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA013423NIDA NIH HHS R01DA013423NIDCR NIH HHS U01 DE018903NIDCR NIH HHS U01DE018903NIDCR NIH HHS U01 DE018993NIDCR NIH HHS U01DE018993NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK058845NIDDK NIH HHS R01DK058845NIEHS NIH HHS 1R21 ES019712-01NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES019712PHS HHS HHSN-268200782096CPHS HHS RFAHG006033
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The question of which statistical approach is the most effective for investigating gene-environment (G-E) interactions in the context of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) remains unresolved. By using 2 case-control GWAS (the Nurses' Health Study, 1976-2006, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1986-2006) of type 2 diabetes, the authors compared 5 tests for interactions: standard logistic regression-based case-control; case-only; semiparametric maximum-likelihood estimation of an empirical-Bayes shrinkage estimator; and 2-stage tests. The authors also compared 2 joint tests of genetic main effects and G-E interaction. Elevated body mass index was the exposure of interest and was modeled as a binary trait to avoid an inflated type I error rate that the authors observed when the main effect of continuous body mass index was misspecified. Although both the case-only and the semiparametric maximum-likelihood estimation approaches assume that the tested markers are independent of exposure in the general population, the authors did not observe any evidence of inflated type I error for these tests in their studies with 2,199 cases and 3,044 controls. Both joint tests detected markers with known marginal effects. Loci with the most significant G-E interactions using the standard, empirical-Bayes, and 2-stage tests were strongly correlated with the exposure among controls. Study findings suggest that methods exploiting G-E independence can be efficient and valid options for investigating G-E interactions in GWAS.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexGene-Environment InteractionGenome-Wide Association StudyDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGenomicsHumansMale

Identifiers

PMID22199026
PMCPMC3261439

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.