ArticleJournal of clinical immunology2012
Characterizing the pregnancy immune phenotype: results of the viral immunity and pregnancy (VIP) study.
Article in Journal of clinical immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 223 citations in OpenAlex.
- Burden of Dengue in Pregnant Individuals: A Systematic Literature Review.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Pooled it
- Can immunity during pregnancy influence SARS-CoV-2 infection? - A systematic review.Journal of reproductive immunology · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Changes in peripheral immune populations during pregnancy and modulation by probiotics and ω-3 fatty acids.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Multimodal immune phenotyping of maternal peripheral blood in normal human pregnancy.JCI insight · 2020Trial
- Life-Course Fertility and Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Health in Chinese Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Cross-Sectional CHARLS Study.Research square · 2026Article
- Comparison of BAFF and type I IFN activity in blood and placenta in SLE and healthy pregnancies.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Increased dose of H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine during pregnancy improves immunity in mothers and infants.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Distinct maternal DNA methylation associations with gestational age at early and late-mid term pregnancy in a low- and middle-income country: evaluation of biological, genetic, and psychosocial contributors.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- A global-scale dataset of bat viral detection suggests that pregnancy reduces viral shedding.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- A dynamic peripheral immune landscape during human pregnancy.Fundamental research · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Activated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) Do Not Provoke Adverse Effects in Trophoblast Spheroids.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Article
- Comparing surface immune markers in successful and non-viable ART pregnancies on the day of hCG measurement: a prospective pilot study.Reproduction & fertility · 2025Article
- Immunological reference intervals in pregnancy: longitudinal analysis of adaptive lymphocyte subsets.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Discovery of sparse, reliable omic biomarkers with Stabl.Nature biotechnology · 2024Article
- Unveiling the presence and genotypic diversity of Giardia duodenalis on large-scale sheep farms: insights from the Henan and Ningxia Regions, China.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Impact of previous pregnancy and BMI on cellular and serum immune activity from early to late pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- T Lymphocyte Characteristic Changes Under Serum Cytokine Deviations and Prognostic Factors of COVID-19 in Pregnant Women.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Article
- Low CD4 + T cell count is related to specific anti-nuclear antibodies, IFNα protein positivity and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus pregnancy.Arthritis research & therapy · 2024Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe increased risk of morbidity and mortality from certain microbial infections and the demonstrated improvements in the clinical course of some autoimmune diseases support the existence of pregnancy-related alterations in immune status. Elucidating the changes in innate and adaptive immunity during gestation may improve pregnancy outcomes and facilitate the development of targeted therapies for autoimmune diseases.
methodThe Viral Immunity and Pregnancy (VIP) study evaluated over 50 subjects longitudinally at three time points during pregnancy and at two time points post-delivery. Leukocyte enumeration was performed; functional responses of NK cells and CD4 T cells were analyzed, and soluble factors such as cytokines, defensins, and steroid hormones were measured in maternal blood.
resultsIn comparison to the post-partum period, the latter part of pregnancy was characterized by significant increases in blood phagocytes and pDCs and decreases in the number and activity of NK and T cells. Alterations were found in antimicrobial proteins and serum cytokines.
conclusionsThese data show that pregnancy is not a period of immunosuppression but an alteration in immune priorities characterized by a strengthening of innate immune barriers and a concomitant reduction in adaptive/inflammatory immunity in the later stages of pregnancy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.