ArticleThe American journal of medicine2012
Frailty and respiratory impairment in older persons.
Article in The American journal of medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 187 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of frailty on clinical outcomes among individuals with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, trajectories, and clinical outcomes for frailty in COPD.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Mitochondrial DNA variants and pulmonary function in older persons.Experimental gerontology · 2019Pooled it
- Respiratory impairment and the aging lung: a novel paradigm for assessing pulmonary function.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2012Pooled it
- Frailty and Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Effect of Structured Physical Activity on Respiratory Outcomes in Sedentary Elderly Adults with Mobility Limitations.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2016Trial
- Respiratory impairment and dyspnea and their associations with physical inactivity and mobility in sedentary community-dwelling older persons.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2014Trial
- Single- and multiple-set resistance training improves skeletal and respiratory muscle strength in elderly women.Clinical interventions in aging · 2014Trial
- Frailty and COPD: a bidirectional relationship in the context of systemic and accelerated ageing.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Developmental trajectories of frailty among Chinese elderly COPD patients: a prospective cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Surgical Stabilization of Rib Fractures in Geriatric Trauma Patients: A National Trauma Data Bank Review.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Causal effects of physical activity and frailty on pneumothorax risk: a Mendelian randomization study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Frailty and functional outcomes in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases receiving antifibrotic therapy: a real-life observational study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Exploring the association between asthma and frailty: a cross-sectional and a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Reconstruction of a Risk Analysis Tool That Uses Nursing Data for Frailty Assessment Among Older Adults: Derivation and Internal Evaluation Study.JMIR aging · 2025Observational
- Disease clusters and death trajectories in individuals with frailty: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Path analysis of predictors of frailty in hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Treatment selection pattern and prognostic factors in older patients with non-small cell lung cancer at recurrence: an observational study.Surgery today · 2025Observational
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAmong older persons, the association between frailty and spirometry-confirmed respiratory impairment has not been evaluated yet.
methodsBy using data on white participants aged 65 to 80 years (Cardiovascular Health Study, N=3578), we evaluated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between frailty and respiratory impairment, including their combined effect on mortality. Baseline assessments included frailty status (Fried phenotype: non-frail, pre-frail, and frail) and spirometry. Outcomes included development of frailty features (pre-frail or frail) at year 3 and respiratory impairment (airflow limitation or restrictive pattern) at year 4, and death (median follow-up, 13.2 years).
resultsAt baseline, 48.3% of participants were pre-frail, 5.8% of participants were frail, 13.8% of participants had airflow limitation, and 9.3% of participants had restrictive pattern; 46.1% of participants subsequently died. At baseline, pre-frail and frail were cross-sectionally associated with airflow limitation (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-2.04 and adjusted OR 1.88; 95% CI, 1.15-3.09) and restrictive pattern (adjusted OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.37-2.36 and adjusted OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.91-4.88), respectively. Longitudinally, participants with baseline frailty features had an increased likelihood of developing respiratory impairment (adjusted OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.11-1.82). Conversely, participants with baseline respiratory impairment had an increased likelihood of developing frailty features (adjusted OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.17-2.13). Mortality was highest among participants who were frail and had respiratory impairment (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.91; 95% CI, 2.93-5.22), compared with those who were non-frail and had no respiratory impairment.
conclusionFrailty and respiratory impairment are strongly associated with one another and substantially increase the risk of death when both are present. Establishing these associations may inform interventions designed to reverse or prevent the progression of either condition and to reduce adverse outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.