ArticlePloS one2011
The effects of pay for performance on disparities in stroke, hypertension, and coronary heart disease management: interrupted time series study.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design and effects of outcome-based payment models in healthcare: a systematic review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2019Pooled it
- Effectiveness of UK provider financial incentives on quality of care: a systematic review.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2017Pooled it
- Payment methods for outpatient care facilities.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- The impact of reimbursement systems on equity in access and quality of primary care: A systematic literature review.BMC health services research · 2016Pooled it
- Impact of pay for performance on prescribing of long-acting reversible contraception in primary care: an interrupted time series study.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Summit Recommendations on Implementation of Diabetes Management in CKD: From Primary to Data-Driven Collaborative Care.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Local Primary Care Incentive Scheme: A Difference-in-Differences Study.Medical care research and review : MCRR · 2022Article
- Utilizing Implementation Science to Bridge Cerebrovascular Health Disparities: a Local to Global Perspective.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2022Review
- Changes in heart failure management and long-term mortality over 10 years: observational study.Open heart · 2022Observational
- Is the evidence on the effectiveness of pay for performance schemes in healthcare changing? Evidence from a meta-regression analysis.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- The Linkages Between Reimbursement and Prevention: A Mixed-Methods Approach.Frontiers in public health · 2021Review
- Effects of pay-for-performance on prescription of hypertension drugs among public and private primary care providers in Sweden.International journal of health economics and management · 2020Article
- GP incentives to design hypertension and atrial fibrillation local quality-improvement schemes: a controlled before-after study in UK primary care.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2019Article
- The Inverse Equity Hypothesis: Analyses of Institutional Deliveries in 286 National Surveys.American journal of public health · 2018Article
- Reducing racial and ethnic disparities in hypertension prevention and control: what will it take to translate research into practice and policy?American journal of hypertension · 2015Article
- Impact of 'stretch' targets for cardiovascular disease management within a local pay-for-performance programme.PloS one · 2015Article
- Article
- Determinants of salt-restriction-spoon using behavior in China: application of the health belief model.PloS one · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF), a major pay-for-performance programme, was introduced into United Kingdom primary care in April 2004. The impact of this programme on disparities in health care remains unclear. This study examines the following questions: has this pay for performance programme improved the quality of care for coronary heart disease, stroke and hypertension in white, black and south Asian patients? Has this programme reduced disparities in the quality of care between these ethnic groups? Did general practices with different baseline performance respond differently to this programme? METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsRetrospective cohort study of patients registered with family practices in Wandsworth, London during 2007. Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series was used to take into account the previous time trend. Primary outcome measures were mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. Our findings suggest that the implementation of QOF resulted in significant short term improvements in blood pressure control. The magnitude of benefit varied between ethnic groups with a statistically significant short term reduction in systolic BP in white and black but not in south Asian patients with hypertension. Disparities in risk factor control were attenuated only on few measures and largely remained intact at the end of the study period. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Pay for performance programmes such as the QOF in the UK should set challenging but achievable targets. Specific targets aimed at reducing ethnic disparities in health care may also be needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.