ReviewNeurobiology of disease2012
Olfaction in Parkinson's disease and related disorders.
Review in Neurobiology of disease, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04710394 (Efficacy of Bimodal Visual-Olfactory Training in Participants With COVID-19 Resultant Hyposmia or Anosmia Using Participant-Preferred Scents), which is not on this map. Cited by 222 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Bimodal Visual-Olfactory Training in Participants With COVID-19 Resultant Hyposmia or Anosmia Using Participant-Preferred Scents
Who cites it
222 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 420 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between olfactory dysfunction and structural MRI findings in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Cerebellar Microstructural Abnormalities in Parkinson's Disease: a Systematic Review of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic-review of olfactory deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders: From mouse to human.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Olfactory function in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2021Pooled it
- Changes in Olfactory Bulb Volume in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Olfactory identification deficits and increased mortality in the community.Annals of neurology · 2015Trial
- Exocrine Gland Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Therapeutic Perspectives-A Narrative Review.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Review
- Olfactory proteomics reveals the capacity of the HDAC1 inhibitor pyroxamide to halt the α-synuclein preformed fibrils-induced damage in nasal epithelial, microglial and dopaminergic neuronal cell lines.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Intranasal 6-OHDA Induces TRPM3-mediated Neuroinflammation in the pVTA: A Preclinical Early-stage Parkinson's Disease Model.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Age-related cognitive decline in house crickets reveals conserved patterns of sensory and learning deficits across the lifespan.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Case report of Parkinson's disease in isolated congenital anosmia with absent olfactory bulbs.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Synaptic Inhibition in the Accessory Olfactory Bulb Regulates Pheromone Location Learning and Memory.FASEB bioAdvances · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Patterns of Taste Dysfunction, Their Relationships with α-Synuclein Profiling, and Supervised Learning-Based Diagnosis in Parkinson's Disease (PD).International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Human olfactory sensitivity varies across geographical locations.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Olfactory sensory map is perturbed in a human wild-type α-synuclein overexpressing transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- The cribriform plate: A dynamic central nervous system-immune hub.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Prodromal Lewy Body Symptoms and α-Synuclein Seeding in Idiopathic Olfactory Dysfunction.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2026Article
- Combination antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapy mitigates persistent neurological deficits in mice post SARS-CoV-2 infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Olfactory impairment and probable REM sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson's disease: clinical relevance to the single- and dual-hit hypotheses.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Air Pollution and Parkinson's Disease Pathology: Clinical Evidence and the Molecular Mechanisms Linking Airborne Toxicants to Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration.Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
162 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is an early 'pre-clinical' sign of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present review is a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of such dysfunction in PD and related disorders. The olfactory bulb is implicated in the dysfunction, since only those syndromes with olfactory bulb pathology exhibit significant smell loss. The role of dopamine in the production of olfactory system pathology is enigmatic, as overexpression of dopaminergic cells within the bulb's glomerular layer is a common feature of PD and most animal models of PD. Damage to cholinergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems is likely involved, since such damage is most marked in those diseases with the most smell loss. When compromised, these systems, which regulate microglial activity, can influence the induction of localized brain inflammation, oxidative damage, and cytosolic disruption of cellular processes. In monogenetic forms of PD, olfactory dysfunction is rarely observed in asymptomatic gene carriers, but is present in many of those that exhibit the motor phenotype. This suggests that such gene-related influences on olfaction, when present, take time to develop and depend upon additional factors, such as those from aging, other genes, formation of α-synuclein- and tau-related pathology, or lowered thresholds to oxidative stress from toxic insults. The limited data available suggest that the physiological determinants of the early changes in PD-related olfactory function are likely multifactorial and may include the same determinants as those responsible for a number of other non-motor symptoms of PD, such as dysautonomia and sleep disturbances.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.