Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22191022›Full record

ArticlePain research and treatment2011

Pain-related fear: a critical review of the related measures.

M Lundberg, A Grimby-Ekman, J Verbunt, M J Simmonds

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pain research and treatment, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04393129 (Prevalence of Central Sensitization Symptoms and Psychosocial Factors in Athletes After ACL Reconstruction and Return to Play), which is not on this map. Cited by 75 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04393129 completednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Prevalence of Central Sensitization Symptoms and Psychosocial Factors in Athletes After ACL Reconstruction and Return to Play

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of ThessalyRan2019 to 2020Enrolled39ConditionsAnterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

75 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  4. Biopsychosocial Factors for Chronicity in Individuals with Non-Specific Low Back Pain: An Umbrella Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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  14. Assessment of the Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Modified Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia in Patients With Shoulder Pain.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
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15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

M LundbergDivision of Occupational Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
A Grimby-Ekman
J Verbunt
M J Simmonds

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesIn regards to pain-related fear, this study aimed to: (1) identify existing measures and review their measurement properties, and (2) identify the optimum measure for specific constructs of fear-avoidance, pain-related fear, fear of movement, and kinesiophobia.

designSystematic literature search for instruments designed to measure fear of pain in patients with persistent musculoskeletal pain. Psychometric properties were evaluated by adjusted Wind criteria.

resultsFive questionnaires (Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ), Fear-Avoidance of Pain Scale (FAPS), Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FPQ), Pain and Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS), and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK)) were included in the review. The main findings were that for most questionnaires, there was no underlying conceptual model to support the questionnaire's construct. Psychometric properties were evaluated by diverse methods, which complicated comparisons of different versions of the same questionnaires. Construct validity and responsiveness was generally not supported and/or untested.

conclusionThe weak construct validity implies that no measure can currently identify who is fearful. The lack of evidence for responsiveness restricts the current use of the instruments to identify clinically relevant change from treatment. Finally, more theoretically driven research is needed to support the construct and thus the measurement of pain-related fear.

Identifiers

PMID22191022
PMCPMC3236324

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.