ReviewClinical & developmental immunology2011
Challenges in immunotherapy presented by the glioblastoma multiforme microenvironment.
Review in Clinical & developmental immunology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The role of targeted therapies in the management of progressive glioblastoma : a systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice guideline.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2014Guideline
- Clinical efficacy of tumor antigen-pulsed DC treatment for high-grade glioma patients: evidence from a meta-analysis.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- The Size of Glioblastoma Spheroids Influences Patterns of Invasion and Temozolomide Efficacy.Tissue engineering. Part C, Methods · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Immunotherapeutic Modalities in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Safety ConsiderationsCancers · 2026Review
- Glioblastoma insights: Focus on crosstalk with the suppressive tumor microenvironment and advanced therapeutic strategies.Medicine · 2025Review
- Size-dependent invasion and therapeutic phenotype of 42MGBA glioblastoma spheroids.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Rational Design and Organoid-Based Evaluation of a Cocktail CAR-γδ T Cell Therapy for Heterogeneous Glioblastoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Immune Cell Interplay in the Fight Against GBM.Cancers · 2025Review
- Combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy for glioblastoma: recent advances and challenges.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Hyaluronic Acid Influences Amino Acid Metabolism via Differential L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 Expression in the U87-Malignant Glioma Cell Line.Advanced nanobiomed research · 2024Article
- Targeting NKG2D ligands in glioblastoma with a bispecific T-cell engager is augmented with conventional therapy and enhances oncolytic virotherapy of glioma stem-like cells.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Biosensor-Enhanced Organ-on-a-Chip Models for Investigating Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Metabolic reprogramming and signalling cross-talks in tumour-immune interaction: a system-level exploration.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- The TGF-β Family in Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Expression and Clinical Significance of Lymphocyte Subpopulations and Peripheral Inflammatory Markers in Glioma.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Nucleic acid immunotherapeutics and vaccines: A promising approach to glioblastoma multiforme treatment.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- The Current Status, Challenges, and Future Potential of Therapeutic Vaccination in Glioblastoma.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Drug resistance in glioblastoma: from chemo- to immunotherapy.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2023Review
- Angiogenesis and Its Targeting in Glioblastoma with Focus on Clinical Approaches.Cell journal · 2022Article
- Perturbing DDR signaling enhances cytotoxic effects of local oncolytic virotherapy and modulates the immune environment in glioma.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Despite intensive treatment, the prognosis for patients with GBM remains grim with a median survival of only 14.6 months. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach for treating many cancers and affords the advantages of cellular-level specificity and the potential to generate durable immune surveillance. The complexity of the tumor microenvironment poses a significant challenge to the development of immunotherapy for GBM, as multiple signaling pathways, cytokines, and cell types are intricately coordinated to generate an immunosuppressive milieu. The development of new immunotherapy approaches frequently uncovers new mechanisms of tumor-mediated immunosuppression. In this review, we discuss many of the current approaches to immunotherapy and focus on the challenges presented by the tumor microenvironment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.