Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22190573›Full record

GuidelineMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2012

Recommendations for a Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS).

D W Langdon, M P Amato, J Boringa, B Brochet, F Foley, S Fredrikson, P Hämäläinen, H-P Hartung, L Krupp, I K Penner and 2 more

3 registry-linked trialsAbstract readConsensus StatementPractice GuidelineReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Guideline in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 339 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
339citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04536714 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Stress and Depression: Interventional, Non-pharmaceutical Stress Management Program With the Cognitive Restructuring Method "Pythagorean Self-Awareness" for Patients Diagnosed With Major Depressive Disorder

TypeinterventionalSponsorEvgenia E. PsarrakiRan2018 to 2020Enrolled69ConditionsMajor Depressive DisorderArmsPythagorean Self-Awareness Intervention program
NCT06874764 naenrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Agility and Cognitive Training With Reaction System on Cognitive Functions and Walking in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis

TypeinterventionalSponsorEge UniversityRan2026 to 2026Enrolled40ConditionsMultiple SclerosisArmsWireless Lighting Reaction System Training(Agility plus Cognitive)
NCT07645937 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Low-Load Blood Flow Restriction Exercise on Rectus Femoris Muscle Morphology in Individuals With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Three-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorHanifi BalRan2026 to 2027Enrolled30ConditionsMultiple Sclerosis (MS) - Relapsing-remittingArmsBlood Flow Restriction Training, Sham Blood Flow Restriction, Low-Load Exercise Program
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

339 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Rituximab for people with multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Azathioprine for people with multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Rituximab for people with multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021
    Pooled it
  8. Memory rehabilitation for people with multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021
    Pooled it
  9. Lead exposure and its association with neurological damage: systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021
    Pooled it
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Trial
  17. Trial
  18. Intranasal insulin for improving cognitive function in multiple sclerosis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
    Trial
  19. Trial
  20. Trial

279 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

D W LangdonRoyal Holloway, University of London, Surrey, UK. d.langdon@rhul.ac.uk
M P Amato
J Boringa
B Brochet
F Foley
S Fredrikson
P Hämäläinen
H-P Hartung
L Krupp
I K Penner
A T Reder
R H B Benedict

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCognitive impairment in MS impacts negatively on many patients at all disease stages and in all subtypes. Full clinical cognitive assessment is expensive, requiring expert staff and special equipment. Test versions and normative data are not available for all languages and cultures.

objectiveTo recommend a brief cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis (MS) that is optimized for small centers, with one or few staff members, who may not have neuropsychological training and constructed to maximize international use.

methodsAn expert committee of twelve members representing the main cultural groups that have so far contributed considerable data about MS cognitive dysfunction was convened. Following exhaustive literature review, peer-reviewed articles were selected to cover a broad spectrum of cultures and scales that targeted cognitive domains vulnerable to MS. Each was rated by two committee members and candidates scales were rated on psychometric qualities (reliability, validity, and sensitivity), international application, ease of administration, feasibility in the specified context, and acceptability to patients.

resultsThe committee recommended the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, if only 5 minutes was available, with the addition of the California Verbal Learning Test - Second Edition and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test - Revised learning trials if a further 10 minutes could be allocated for testing.

conclusionsA brief cognitive assessment for MS has been recommended. A validation protocol has been prepared for language groups and validation studies have commenced.

Indexed as

CognitionMemoryAttentionCognition DisordersComorbidityHumansMultiple SclerosisNeuropsychological TestsPredictive Value of TestsPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsTime Factors

Identifiers

PMID22190573
PMCPMC3546642

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.