ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2012
Molecular and cellular characterization of a Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi a outbreak strain and the human immune response to infection.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenicity of a Bivalent Typhoid-Paratyphoid Conjugate Vaccine Against Diverse Salmonella Paratyphi A Isolates.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Comparative genomics ofVirulence · 2025Article
- HilE mediates motility thermoregulation in typhoidal Salmonella serovars at elevated physiological temperatures.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Human tetraspanin CD81 facilitates invasion ofVirulence · 2024Article
- Cytolysin A is an intracellularly induced and secreted cytotoxin of typhoidal Salmonella.Nature communications · 2024Article
- One species, different diseases: the unique molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of typhoidal Salmonella infections.Current opinion in microbiology · 2023Review
- Intracellular Salmonella Paratyphi A is motile and differs in the expression of flagella-chemotaxis, SPI-1 and carbon utilization pathways in comparison to intracellular S. Typhimurium.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Non-TyphoidalFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Dietary selenium sources alleviate immune challenge induced byFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Profiling of Secreted Type 3 Secretion System Substrates by Salmonella enterica.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Very long O-antigen chains of Salmonella Paratyphi A inhibit inflammasome activation and pyroptotic cell death.Cellular microbiology · 2021Article
- Pathoadaptation of the passerine-associated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lineage to the avian host.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Article
- Persistent Infection and Long-Term Carriage of Typhoidal and Nontyphoidal Salmonellae.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- Organoid and Enteroid Modeling ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of aFrontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Flagellin Is Required for Host Cell Invasion and Normal Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 Expression by Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi A.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Feverlike Temperature is a Virulence Regulatory Cue Controlling the Motility and Host Cell Entry of Typhoidal Salmonella.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Mix-infection of S. Typhi and ParaTyphi A in Typhoid Fever and Chronic Typhoid Carriers: A Nested PCR Based Study in North India.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2014Article
- Multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis of Salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi A from Yuxi and comparison with isolates from the Chinese Medical Culture Collection Center.Molecular medicine reports · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enteric fever is an invasive life-threatening systemic disease caused by the Salmonella enterica human-adapted serovars Typhi and Paratyphi. Increasing incidence of infections with Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A and the spreading of its antibiotic-resistant derivates pose a significant health concern in some areas of the world. Herein, we describe a molecular and phenotypic characterization of an S. Paratyphi A strain accounted for a recent paratyphoid outbreak in Nepal that affected at least 37 travelers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of the outbreak isolates revealed one genetic clone (pulsotype), confirming a single infecting source. Genetic profiling of the outbreak strain demonstrated the contribution of specific bacteriophages as a prime source of genetic diversity among clinical isolates of S. Paratyphi A. Phenotypic characterization in comparison with the S. Paratyphi A ATCC 9150 reference sequenced strain showed differences in flagellar morphology and increased abilities of the outbreak strain with respect to its motility, invasion into nonphagocytic cells, intracellular multiplication, survival within macrophages, and higher induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) secreted by host cells. Collectively, these differences suggest an enhanced virulence potential of this strain and demonstrate an interesting phenotypic variation among S. Paratyphi A isolates. In vivo profiling of 16 inflammatory cytokines in patients infected with the outbreak strain revealed a common profile of a remarkable gamma interferon (IFN-γ) induction together with elevated concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-15, but not IL-12, which was previously demonstrated as elevated in nontyphoidal Salmonella infections. This apparent profile implies a distinct immune response to paratyphoid infections.
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