ArticleThe Journal of general virology2012
Phylogeographical footprint of colonial history in the global dispersal of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 group A.
Article in The Journal of general virology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV capsid inhibitors: Mechanisms, resistance, and therapeutic advances.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- Longitudinal Analysis of HIV-2 Proviral DNA Reveals Archived Protease Inhibitor Resistance and Reservoir Evolution over Eight Years.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- HIV-2 infection in Europe - persistence by migrant flows from West Africa but low spillover into the native population.Le infezioni in medicina · 2026Review
- Modulation of transferrin receptor by HIV-2.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Navigating Sampling Bias in Discrete Phylogeographic Analysis: Assessing the Performance of an Adjusted Bayes Factor.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- It Was Not the Perfect Storm: The Social History of the HIV-2 Virus in Guinea-Bissau.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- High Instantaneous Inhibitory Potential of Bictegravir and the New Spiro-β-Lactam BSS-730A for HIV-2 Isolates from RAL-Naïve and RAL-Failing Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Phylogenetic and phylodynamic approaches to understanding and combating the early SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2022Review
- Phylodynamics of HIV in the Mexico City Metropolitan Region.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2: The Neglected Threat.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- HIV-2 diversity displays two clades within group A with distinct geographical distribution and evolution.Virus evolution · 2021Article
- Comparative Circulation Dynamics of the Five Main HIV Types in China.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Chasing a ghost: notes on the present distribution and conservation of the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys) in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa.Primates; journal of primatology · 2020Article
- Genetic Variability of Long Terminal Repeat Region between HIV-2 Groups Impacts Transcriptional Activity.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Article
- The first case of HIV-2 in Scotland.Access microbiology · 2020Article
- Delayed disease progression in HIV-2: the importance of TRIM5α and the retroviral capsid.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Review
- Increasing importance of European lineages in seeding the hepatitis C virus subtype 1a epidemic in Spain.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2019Article
- Inhibitory Effects of HIV-2 Vpx on Replication of HIV-1.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Application of a quantitative entry assessment model to compare the relative risk of incursion of zoonotic bat-borne viruses into European Union Member States.Microbial risk analysis · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 11 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) emerged in West Africa and has spread further to countries that share socio-historical ties with this region. However, viral origins and dispersal patterns at a global scale remain poorly understood. Here, we adopt a Bayesian phylogeographic approach to investigate the spatial dynamics of HIV-2 group A (HIV-2A) using a collection of 320 partial pol and 248 partial env sequences sampled throughout 19 countries worldwide. We extend phylogenetic diffusion models that simultaneously draw information from multiple loci to estimate location states throughout distinct phylogenies and explicitly attempt to incorporate human migratory fluxes. Our study highlights that Guinea-Bissau, together with Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal, have acted as the main viral sources in the early stages of the epidemic. We show that convenience sampling can obfuscate the estimation of the spatial root of HIV-2A. We explicitly attempt to circumvent this by incorporating rate priors that reflect the ratio of human flow from and to West Africa. We recover four main routes of HIV-2A dispersal that are laid out along colonial ties: Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde to Portugal, Côte d'Ivoire and Senegal to France. Within Europe, we find strong support for epidemiological linkage from Portugal to Luxembourg and to the UK. We demonstrate that probabilistic models can uncover global patterns of HIV-2A dispersal providing sampling bias is taken into account and we provide a scenario for the international spread of this virus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.