Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2012
Effect of Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb 761® on human cytochrome P450 activity: a cocktail interaction study in healthy volunteers.
Trial report in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Drug Metabolism Studies of Plants With Anticancer Properties: Approaches Applied and Limitations.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2020Pooled it
- Dicloxacillin induces CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 in vivo and in vitro.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Trial
- Pharmacokinetics of ginkgolides A, B and K after single and multiple intravenous infusions and their interactions with midazolam in healthy Chinese male subjects.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2017Trial
- The effect of grape seed extract on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan in healthy volunteers.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2013Trial
- The Effect of Ecopipam on the Pharmacokinetics of Concomitant Medications.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Herbal Medicines and Drugs Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Responsibility.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Dietary Modulation of CYP3A4 and Its Impact on Statins and Antidiabetic Drugs: A Narrative Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Investigation of a broad-spectrum micronutrient formulation as a possible precipitant of pharmacokinetic micronutrient-drug interactions.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- OptimizedJournal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2025Article
- TiOAdvances in neurobiology · 2023Review
- Metabolism-involved drug interactions with traditional Chinese medicines in cardiovascular diseases.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2022Review
- HDI Highlighter, The First Intelligent Tool to Screen the Literature on Herb-Drug Interactions.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2022Review
- Herb-Drug Interaction in Inflammatory Diseases: Review of Phytomedicine and Herbal Supplements.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Nutraceuticals for Peripheral Vestibular Pathology: Properties, Usefulness, Future Perspectives and Medico-Legal Aspects.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Herb-Drug Interactions: Worlds Intersect with the Patient at the Center.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Napabucasin Drug-Drug Interaction Potential, Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics Following Oral Dosing in Healthy Adult Volunteers.Clinical pharmacology in drug development · 2021Article
- No Clinically Relevant Pharmacokinetic Interactions of a Red Clover Dietary Supplement with Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Women.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2020Article
- Pharmacokinetic Interactions between Herbal Medicines and Drugs: Their Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Effects ofPharmaceutical biology · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe assessed the human in vivo metabolic drug interaction profile of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® with respect to the activities of major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes.
methodsA single-center, open-label, randomized, three-fold crossover, cocktail phenotyping design was applied. In random order, the following treatments were administered to 18 healthy men and women for 8 days each: placebo twice daily, EGb 761® 120 mg twice daily, and EGb 761® 240 mg in the morning and placebo in the evening. In the morning of day 8, administration was performed together with the orally administered phenotyping cocktail (enzyme, metric): 150 mg caffeine (CYP1A2, paraxanthine/caffeine plasma ratio 6-h postdose), 125 mg tolbutamide (CYP2C9, plasma concentration 24-h postdose), 20 mg omeprazole (CYP2C19, omeprazole/5-hydroxy omeprazole plasma ratio 3-h postdose), 30 mg dextromethorphan (CYP2D6, dextromethorphan/dextrorphan plasma ratio 3-h postdose), and 2 mg of midazolam (CYP3A, plasma concentration 6-h postdose). Formally, absence of a relevant interaction was assumed if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for EGb 761®/placebo ratios of the metrics were within the 0.70-1.43 range.
resultsEGb 761®/placebo ratios for phenotyping metrics were close to unity for all CYPs. Furthermore, respective CIs were within the specified margins for all ratios except CYP2C19 for EGb 761® 120 mg twice daily (90% CI 0.681-1.122) and for CYP2D6 for EGb 761® 240 mg once daily (90% CI 0.667-1.281). These findings were attributed to the intraindividual variability of the metrics used. All treatments were well tolerated.
conclusionEGb 761® has no relevant effect on the in vivo activity of the major CYP enzymes in humans and therefore has no relevant potential to cause respective metabolic drug-drug interactions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.