ArticleJournal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology2012
The dominance of human coronavirus OC43 and NL63 infections in infants.
Article in Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 210 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: kinetics, correlates of protection, and association with severity.Nature communications · 2020Pooled it
- Incidence, significance, and persistence of human coronavirus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.Bone marrow transplantation · 2019Trial
- A decade of endemic human coronaviruses: epidemiological patterns and clinical significance in an adult cohort at a tertiary care hospital in Germany.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Evaluating Memory B Cell Cross-Reactivity Between Ancestral and Future SARS-CoV-2 Variants-Evidence for Original Antigenic Sin.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Genomic Surveillance of Endemic Human Coronaviruses in Côte d'Ivoire Using Targeted Hybrid-Capture Sequencing.Viruses · 2026Article
- A stable subgenomic reporter coronavirus enables transcriptional profiling of bystander cells.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Molecular detection of endemic coronaviruses and enterovirus D68 in respiratory samples from 2016 in Panama: a retrospective study.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Molecular Surveillance of Coronaviruses in Riyadh (2025-2026): Persistent Genotype C and Conserved N-Glycosylation Motifs in Human Coronavirus OC43.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Pandemic-driven immune imprinting accelerates evolution of human coronavirus OC43.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of human coronaviruses among populations with acute respiratory infections: surveillance data from jing'an district, Shanghai, 2024-2025.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence, clinical characteristics and pattern of distribution of seasonal corona virus associated acute respiratory tract infections among adults and children in the Central Province of Sri Lanka from January 2020 to October 2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- A novel chimeric coronavirus spike vaccine combining SARS-CoV-2 RBD and scaffold domains from HKU-1 elicits potent neutralising antibody responses.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Current Status and Challenges of Vaccine Development for Seasonal Human Coronaviruses.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Serological Surveillance of Betacoronaviruses in Bat Guano Collectors: Pre-COVID-19 Pandemic and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Emergence.Viruses · 2025Article
- Development of an ELISA for SARS-CoV-2 Detection Focusing on Antibodies against Nucleocapsid Protein.Archives of Razi Institute · 2025Article
- Article
- Untreated HIV-1 infection and low CD4+ T cell counts and their effect on endemic human coronavirus (re)infection.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Serological analyses against endemic human coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 in children and adults using samples collected before the COVID-19 pandemic.IJID regions · 2024Article
- High transmission of endemic human coronaviruses before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents in Cebu, Philippines.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Terpenes and cannabidiol against human corona and influenza viruses-Anti-inflammatory and antiviral in vitro evaluation.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIt is unknown to what extent the human coronaviruses (HCoVs) OC43, HKU1, 229E and NL63 infect healthy children. Frequencies of infections are only known for hospitalized children.
objectivesComparing infection frequencies in children who have mild infections with frequencies in children needing hospital uptake will determine whether infection by one of the four HCoVs leads to more severe disease. In addition, the sequence of seroconversions can reveal whether infection by one HCoV protects from infection by other HCoVs. STUDY
designTwo distinct study groups were monitored: healthy children and children hospitalized due to respiratory infection. HCoV natural infection rates in healthy children were obtained by serology in 25 newborns (followed 0-20months). The frequencies of severe HCoVs infection was determined by real time RT-PCR among 1471 hospitalized infants (<2-years old) with acute respiratory tract disease.
resultsThe majority of healthy children seroconverted for HCoV-OC43 (n=19) and HCoV-NL63 (n=17), less for HCoV-HKU1 (n=9) and HCoV-229E (n=5). Notably, HCoV-HKU1 seroconversion was absent after HCoV-OC43 infection. Also HCoV-229E infection was rarely observed after HCoV-NL63 infection (1 out of 5). In the hospital 207 (14%) out of 1471 children were HCoV positive. Again we observed most infection by HCoV-OC43 (n=85) and HCoV-NL63 (n=60), followed by HCoV-HKU1 (n=47) and HCoV-229E (n=15).
conclusionsHCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 infections occur frequently in early childhood, more often than HCoV-HKU1 or HCoV-229E infections. HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-NL63 may elicit immunity that protects from subsequent HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-229E infection, respectively, which would explain why HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-NL63 are the most frequently infecting HCoVs. There are no indications that infection by one of the HCoVs is more pathogenic than others.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.