ArticleCell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)2012
Autophagic removal of micronuclei.
Article in Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)Autophagy · 2021Guideline
- Selective autophagy of intracellular organelles: recent research advances.Theranostics · 2021Pooled it
- The responsive nucleus: morphological signatures of cellular state.Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) · 2026Review
- Nuclear LC3 Interactome Profiling Identifies Clathrin Heavy Chain as a Mediator of Nuclear LC3 Translocation in Trabecular Meshwork Cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Extrachromosomal DNA as a platform for epigenetic reprogramming in cancer.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Disrupted autophagy overactivates TBK1 and results in mitotic defects promoting chromosomal instability.Autophagy · 2026Article
- Micronuclei: origins, assays, mechanisms, diseases and treatments.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- From homeostasis to pathology, organelle-specific autophagy in skeletal muscle: a PRISMA-ScR scoping review.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- P62 in colorectal cancer: from inflammation suppression to cancer promotion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) in human body fluids: molecular characteristics, release mechanisms, and clinical translation-an updated review.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Genetic elements promote retention of extrachromosomal DNA in cancer cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Mammalian nucleophagy: process and function.Autophagy · 2025Review
- Propagation of neuronal micronuclei regulates microglial characteristics.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- p62/SQSTM1 in cancer: phenomena, mechanisms, and regulation in DNA damage repair.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Chromothripsis in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Potential for micronuclear turnover through autophagy secretion pathway.microPublication biology · 2025Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macroautophagy is known to participate in the quality control and turnover of cytoplasmic organelles, yet there is little evidence that macroautophagy targets nuclei in mammalian cells. Here, we investigated whether autophagy may target micronuclei, which arise as a result of deficient bipolar chromosome segregation in cells exposed to cell cycle perturbations. After removal of several distinct cell cycle blockers (nocodazole, cytochalasin D, hydroxyurea or SP600125), cells manifested an increase in the frequency of micronuclei (positive for histone H2B-RFP) as well as an increase in autophagic puncta (positive for GFP-LC3) over several days. A small but significant percentage of micronuclei co-localized with GFP-LC3 in autophagy-competent cells and this co-localization was lost after knockdown of ATG5 or ATG7. Electron microscopy analyses confirmed autophagic sequestration of micronuclei. "Autophagic micronuclei" (GFP-LC3⁺) were also decorated with p62/SQSTM1, while non-autophagic (GFP-LC3⁻) micronuclei where p62/SQSTM1 negative. In addition, GFP-LC3⁺ micronuclei exhibited signs of envelope degradation and γH2AX⁺ DNA damage foci, yet stained less intensively for chromatin markers, whereas GFP-LC3⁻ micronuclei were surrounded by an intact envelope and rarely exhibited markers or DNA damage. These results indicate that micronuclei can be subjected to autophagic degradation. Moreover, it can be speculated that removal of micronuclei may contribute to the genome-stabilizing effects of autophagy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
22185757What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.