ArticleBlood2012
Morbidity and mortality in common variable immune deficiency over 4 decades.
Article in Blood, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 408 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
408 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 822 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of mortality and survival rates for APDS.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Diagnostic testing for interstitial lung disease in common variable immunodeficiency: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Lessons Learned From the Clinical Presentation of Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Open-label extension study of leniolisib in activated PI3Kδ syndrome: Long-term efficacy and safety.Journal of human immunity · 2027Article
- The association between inborn errors of immunity and Hodgkin lymphoma-A register-based case-control study in Sweden.British journal of haematology · 2026Article
- Cardiac tamponade caused by effusive-constrictive pericarditis in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency: a case report.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical and immunologic features of adult primary antibody deficiency according to IVIGRT exposure.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Coexistent alterations of BAFF and B-cell phenotypes in complicated CVID course.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Beyond B cells: T and Innate Immune Mechanisms of Autoimmunity in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Elevated IL-10 is Linked With the Expansion of T-betJournal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Common Variable Immunodeficiency Associated With Connective Tissue Diseases: A Report of Two Cases.Cureus · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical and immunological factors associated with gastrointestinal involvement in common variable immunodeficiency: a real-world study.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Navigating primary and secondary immunodeficiency intersections: how to find IEI hidden within SID.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Review
- Distinct Proteomic and Transcriptomic Profiles in T-cells and Monocytes in Patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency: an Exploratory Study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Heterozygous NFKB1 variant causes inflammatory dysregulation shaped by broader genetic context in common variable immunodeficiency.JCI insight · 2026Article
- IgA defects in CVID lead to bacterial translocation, increased serum γ-interferon, and BAFF.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Porto-sinusoidal Vascular Disease is Associated with Gastrointestinal Disorders in Common Variable Immunodefiency.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Association Between Common Variable Immunodeficiency and Pulmonary Amyloidosis: Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
348 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The demographics, immunologic parameters, medical complications, and mortality statistics from 473 subjects with common variable immune deficiency followed over 4 decades in New York were analyzed. Median immunoglobulin levels were IgG, 246 mg/dL; IgA, 8 mg/dL; and IgM, 21 mg/dL; 22.6% had an IgG less than 100 mg/dL. Males were diagnosed earlier (median age, 30 years) than females (median age, 33.5 years; P = .004). Ninety-four percent of patients had a history of infections; 68% also had noninfectious complications: hematologic or organ-specific autoimmunity, 28.6%; chronic lung disease, 28.5%; bronchiectasis, 11.2%; gastrointestinal inflammatory disease, 15.4%; malabsorption, 5.9%; granulomatous disease, 9.7%; liver diseases and hepatitis, 9.1%; lymphoma, 8.2%; or other cancers, 7.0%. Females had higher baseline serum IgM (P = .009) and were more likely to develop lymphoma (P = .04); 19.6% of patients died, a significantly shorter survival than age- and sex-matched population controls (P < .0001). Reduced survival was associated with age at diagnosis, lower baseline IgG, higher IgM, and fewer peripheral B cells. The risk of death was 11 times higher for patients with noninfectious complications (hazard ratio = 10.95; P < .0001). Mortality was associated with lymphoma, any form of hepatitis, functional or structural lung impairment, and gastrointestinal disease with or without malabsorption, but not with bronchiectasis, autoimmunity, other cancers, granulomatous disease, or previous splenectomy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.