ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2012
Apicoplast and endoplasmic reticulum cooperate in fatty acid biosynthesis in apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 is essential for virulence in Toxoplasma gondii.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Transporters, an important but poorly studied area of Toxoplasma gondii.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Toxoplasmosis: Epidemiological Significance, Economic Burden, and Emerging Directions in Drug Discovery and Artificial Intelligence.International journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- Phenotypic screens reveal Plasmodium falciparum genetic factors associated with infection of sickle-trait cells.Blood cells, molecules & diseases · 2025Article
- A P5-ATPase, TgFLP12, diverging from plant chloroplast lipid transporters mediates apicoplast fatty export in Toxoplasma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Dissecting apicoplast functions through continuous cultivation of Toxoplasma gondii devoid of the organelle.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The apicoplast localized isocitrate dehydrogenase is needed forFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Mitochondria of a human skeletal muscle cell line associate with the parasitophorous vacuoles of three archetypal lineages ofFEMS microbes · 2025Article
- Glabridin exhibits potent inhibitory effects against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro and in vivo.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- An endoplasmic reticulum localized acetyl-CoA transporter is required for efficient fatty acid synthesis inOpen biology · 2024Article
- The acyl-CoA synthetasemBio · 2024Article
- TheeLife · 2024Article
- Lipid metabolism: the potential targets for toxoplasmosis treatment.Parasites & vectors · 2024Review
- Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their potential therapeutic role in protozoan infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Phenotypic Screens Identify Genetic Factors Associated with Gametocyte Development in the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Same, same but different: Exploring Plasmodium cell division during liver stage development.PLoS pathogens · 2023Review
- The patatin-like phospholipaseFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Down the membrane hole: Ion channels in protozoan parasites.PLoS pathogens · 2022Review
- Dissection of Besnoitia besnoiti intermediate host life cycle stages: From morphology to gene expression.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Toxoplasma metabolic flexibility in different growth conditions.Trends in parasitology · 2022Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites are responsible for high impact human diseases such as malaria, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. These obligate intracellular pathogens are dependent on both de novo lipid biosynthesis as well as the uptake of host lipids for biogenesis of parasite membranes. Genome annotations and biochemical studies indicate that apicomplexan parasites can synthesize fatty acids via a number of different biosynthetic pathways that are differentially compartmentalized. However, the relative contribution of each of these biosynthetic pathways to total fatty acid composition of intracellular parasite stages remains poorly defined. Here, we use a combination of genetic, biochemical, and metabolomic approaches to delineate the contribution of fatty acid biosynthetic pathways in Toxoplasma gondii. Metabolic labeling studies with [(13)C]glucose showed that intracellular tachyzoites synthesized a range of long and very long chain fatty acids (C14:0-26:1). Genetic disruption of the apicoplast-localized type II fatty-acid synthase resulted in greatly reduced synthesis of saturated fatty acids up to 18 carbons long. Ablation of type II fatty-acid synthase activity resulted in reduced intracellular growth that was partially restored by addition of long chain fatty acids. In contrast, synthesis of very long chain fatty acids was primarily dependent on a fatty acid elongation system comprising three elongases, two reductases, and a dehydratase that were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. The function of these enzymes was confirmed by heterologous expression in yeast. This elongase pathway appears to have a unique role in generating very long unsaturated fatty acids (C26:1) that cannot be salvaged from the host.
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Registered trials
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