ReviewAIDS (London, England)2012
Relationship between minority nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations, adherence, and the risk of virologic failure.
Review in AIDS (London, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The association between disclosure and antiretroviral therapy among adults living with HIV in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Burden of virologic failure, and its determinants among HIV positive children in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.African health sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Geographic and temporal trends in the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance: an individual-patient- and sequence-level meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2015Pooled it
- START (Supporting Treatment Adherence Readiness through Training) Improves Both HIV Antiretroviral Adherence and Viral Reduction, and is Cost Effective: Results of a Multi-site Randomized Controlled Trial.AIDS and behavior · 2021Trial
- Reduced efficacy of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors in patients with drug resistance mutations in reverse transcriptase.Nature communications · 2020Trial
- Text Messaging for Improving Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence: No Effects After 1 Year in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Adolescents and Young Adults.American journal of public health · 2017Trial
- Low-frequency nevirapine (NVP)-resistant HIV-1 variants are not associated with failure of antiretroviral therapy in women without prior exposure to single-dose NVP.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Improved Detection of HIV-1 Drug Resistance With Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Comparative Study and Its Implications.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Impact of Low-Frequency Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance Mutations on Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- HIV-1 Drug Resistance Assay Using Ion Torrent Next Generation Sequencing and On-Instrument End-to-End Analysis Software.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2022Article
- Low-frequency HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral naïve individuals in Botswana.Medicine · 2022Article
- Shorter Time to Discontinuation Due to Treatment Failure in People Living with HIV Switched to Dolutegravir Plus Either Rilpivirine or Lamivudine Compared with Integrase Inhibitor-Based Triple Therapy in a Large Spanish Cohort.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2022Article
- Article
- CODEHOP-Mediated PCR Improves HIV-1 Genotyping and Detection of Variants by MinION Sequencing.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Qualitative Evaluation of Social Media and Mobile Technology Interventions Designed to Improve HIV Health Outcomes for Youth and Young Adults Living With HIV: A HRSA SPNS Initiative.Health promotion practice · 2020Article
- Multi-Laboratory Comparison of Next-Generation to Sanger-Based Sequencing for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Genotyping.Viruses · 2020Article
- Pretreatment HIV drug resistance spread within transmission clusters in Mexico City.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Article
- VirGenA: a reference-based assembler for variable viral genomes.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the risk of virologic failure conferred by suboptimal adherence to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and minority NNRTI resistance mutations.
designPooled analysis of the risk of virologic failure conferred by minority NNRTI resistance mutations and NNRTI adherence from three studies of treatment-naïve individuals initiating an NNRTI-based regimen.
methodsParticipants from each study were categorized into both adherence quartiles (Q1-Q4) and four strata: at least 95%, 80-94%, 60-79%, and below 60%. Weighted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk of virologic failure.
resultsThe majority of participants (N = 768) had high measured adherence, but those in the lowest adherence quartile had the highest proportion of participants with virologic failure and the risk of virologic failure increased step-wise with adherence below 95%. Detection of minority NNRTI drug resistance mutations increased the proportion of participants with virologic failure across adherence quartiles (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel P < 0.001) and adherence strata [Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel P < 0.001; <60% adherence, hazard ratio 1.7 (1.1-2.7), P = 0.02; 60-79% adherence, hazard ratio 1.2 (0.5-3.2), P = 0.67; 80-94% adherence, hazard ratio 2.5 (0.98-6.3), P = 0.06; ≥95% adherence, hazard ratio 3.6 (2.3-5.6), P < 0.001]. On multivariate analysis, the effect of minority variants was also most prominent at higher levels of medication adherence.
conclusionsThe presence of minority NNRTI resistance mutations and NNRTI adherence were found to be independent predictors of virologic failure, but also modify each other's effects on virologic failure. In addition to the focus on medication adherence counseling, ultrasensitive HIV-1 drug resistance assays could play a role in optimizing the success rates of first-line antiretroviral therapy.
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