ArticleHearing research2012
Marker entry into vestibular perilymph via the stapes following applications to the round window niche of guinea pigs.
Article in Hearing research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hearing Changes After Intratympanically Applied Steroids for Primary Therapy of Sudden Hearing Loss: A Meta-analysis Using Mathematical Simulations of Drug Delivery Protocols.Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology · 2017Pooled it
- Imaging-identified round window niche veil and intratympanic therapy efficacy in sudden sensorineural hearing loss.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Biodistribution and transport of intratympanically administered drugs in the inner ear using a porcine ex-vivo chamber model.Materials & design · 2026Article
- Dexamethasone Dosing of Human Perilymph Compared for Common Delivery Protocols Using Inner Ear Simulations.Audiology & neuro-otology · 2026Article
- Rational Design of Inner Ear Drug Delivery Systems.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Stapes footplate's posterior border protrudes the vestibule in healthy ears: anatomical insights from ultra-high-resolution CT.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- Intratympanic Gentamicin Injection for Endolymphatic Hydrops After Cochlear Implantation.The journal of international advanced otology · 2024Article
- Sonoporation of the Round Window Membrane on a Sheep Model: A Safety Study.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Inner Ear Drug Delivery for Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Current Challenges and Opportunities.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Drug distribution along the cochlea is strongly enhanced by low-frequency round window micro vibrations.Drug delivery · 2021Article
- [Development of novel drug carrier via round window membrane].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2021Review
- Characterization of the Sheep Round Window Membrane.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2021Article
- Ultrasound-induced microbubble cavitation via a transcanal or transcranial approach facilitates inner ear drug delivery.JCI insight · 2020Article
- Inner ear delivery: Challenges and opportunities.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2020Review
- Cochlear pharmacokinetics - Micro-computed tomography and learning-prediction modeling for transport parameter determination.Hearing research · 2019Article
- Advances and Challenges in Pharmaceutical Therapies to Prevent and Repair Cochlear Injuries From Noise.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019Review
- Dye Tracking Following Posterior Semicircular Canal or Round Window Membrane Injections Suggests a Role for the Cochlea Aqueduct in Modulating Distribution.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019Article
- Inner Ear Therapeutics: An Overview of Middle Ear Delivery.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2019Review
- Pharmacokinetic principles in the inner ear: Influence of drug properties on intratympanic applications.Hearing research · 2018Review
- Communication pathways to and from the inner ear and their contributions to drug delivery.Hearing research · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
It has been widely believed that drug entry from the middle ear into perilymph occurs primarily via the round window (RW) membrane. Entry into scala vestibuli (SV) was thought to be dominated by local, inter-scala communication between scala tympani (ST) and SV through permeable tissues such as the spiral ligament. In the present study, the distribution of the ionic marker trimethylphenylammonium (TMPA) was compared following intracochlear injections or applications to the RW niche, with or without occlusion of the RW membrane or stapes area. Perilymph TMPA concentrations were monitored either in real time with TMPA-selective microelectrodes sealed into ST and SV, or by the collection of sequential perilymph samples from the lateral semi-circular canal. Local inter-scala communication of TMPA was confirmed by measuring SV and ST concentrations following direct injections into perilymph of ST. Application of TMPA to the RW niche also showed a predominant entry into ST, with distribution to SV presumed to occur secondarily. When the RW membrane was occluded by a silicone plug, RW niche irrigation produced higher concentrations in SV compared to ST, confirming direct TMPA entry into the vestibule in the region of the stapes. The proportion of TMPA entering by the two routes was quantified by perilymph sampling from the lateral semi-circular canal. The TMPA levels of initial samples (originating from the vestibule) were markedly lower when the stapes area was occluded with silicone. These data were interpreted using a simulation program that incorporates all the major fluid and tissue compartments of the cochlea and vestibular systems. From this analysis it was estimated that 65% of total TMPA entered through the RW membrane and 35% entered the vestibule directly in the vicinity of the stapes. Direct entry of drugs into the vestibule is relevant to inner ear fluid pharmacokinetics and to the growing field of intratympanic drug delivery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.