ReviewNeurotoxicology2012
Is lead exposure in early life an environmental risk factor for Schizophrenia? Neurobiological connections and testable hypotheses.
Review in Neurotoxicology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dentine markers of pre/early postnatal lead exposure links with brain, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes in adolescents.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Chronic PbbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Vinpocetine, a Phosphodiesterase Type 1 Inhibitor, Mitigates Locomotor Hyperactivity in Female Mice Exposed to Lead During Development.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Invited Perspective: Challenging the Dogma of Lead Neurotoxicity.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Air pollution, climate conditions and risk of hospital admissions for psychotic disorders in U.S. residents.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Fine particle components and risk of psychiatric hospitalization in the U.S.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Neurotoxicants, the Developing Brain, and Mental Health.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2022Article
- Chronic early-life lead exposure sensitizes adolescent rats to cocaine: Role of the dopaminergic system.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Deciphering the origin of Cu, Pb and Zn contamination in school dust and soil of Dhaka, a megacity in Bangladesh.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Smoking and Neuropsychiatric Disease-Associations and Underlying Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Early-life lead exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders.Current opinion in toxicology · 2021Article
- Cognitive Impairment Induced by Lead Exposure during Lifespan: Mechanisms of Lead Neurotoxicity.Toxics · 2021Review
- Chronic developmental lead exposure increases μ-opiate receptor levels in the adolescent rat brain.Neurotoxicology · 2021Article
- Risk of lead exposure, subcortical brain structure, and cognition in a large cohort of 9- to 10-year-old children.PloS one · 2021Article
- (Ascorb)ing Pb Neurotoxicity in the Developing Brain.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Beyond the looking glass: recent advances in understanding the impact of environmental exposures on neuropsychiatric disease.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Review
- Mitochondria under the spotlight: On the implications of mitochondrial dysfunction and its connectivity to neuropsychiatric disorders.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2020Review
- Influence of clozapine on neurodevelopmental protein expression and behavioral patterns in animal model of psychiatric disorder induced by low-level of lead.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2019Article
- Preclinical neuroimaging of gene-environment interactions in psychiatric disease.The British journal of radiology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder of unknown etiology. There is general agreement in the scientific community that schizophrenia is a disorder of neurodevelopmental origin in which both genes and environmental factors come together to produce a schizophrenia phenotype later in life. The challenging questions have been which genes and what environmental factors? Although there is evidence that different chromosome loci and several genes impart susceptibility for schizophrenia; and epidemiological studies point to broad aspects of the environment, only recently there has been an interest in studying gene × environment interactions. Recent evidence of a potential association between prenatal lead (Pb(2+)) exposure and schizophrenia precipitated the search for plausible neurobiological connections. The most promising connection is that in schizophrenia and in developmental Pb(2+) exposure there is strong evidence for hypoactivity of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of excitatory amino acid receptors as an underlying neurobiological mechanism in both conditions. A hypofunction of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) complex during critical periods of development may alter neurobiological processes that are essential for brain growth and wiring, synaptic plasticity and cognitive and behavioral outcomes associated with schizophrenia. We also describe on-going proof of concept gene-environment interaction studies of early life Pb(2+) exposure in mice expressing the human mutant form of the disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC-1) gene, a gene that is strongly associated with schizophrenia and allied mental disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.