ArticleBMC medicine2011
Mental disorders as risk factors: assessing the evidence for the Global Burden of Disease Study.
Article in BMC medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characteristics of Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Models Considering Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Pooled it
- Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Attention Bias Modification for Childhood Anxiety Disorders: A Factorial Randomized Trial of Efficacy.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Psychological distress in urban Iran: a multilevel analysis of socioeconomic position and context.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Psychological resilience and clinical depression on bone loss and fracture.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Facilitators in treatment pathways for depression or anxiety among adults in Nepal: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Self-Care Ability of Patients With Severe Mental Disorders: Based on Community Patients Investigation in Beijing, China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Findings from a Feasibility Study of an Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group Intervention to Reduce Depression among LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, or Queer) Young People.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- Excess mortality from mental, neurological and substance use disorders in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2015Article
- Aftercare services for patients with severe mental disorder: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2014Article
- Article
- Article
- Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010.PLoS medicine · 2013Article
- NMDA receptor involvement in antidepressant-like effect of pioglitazone in the forced swimming test in mice.Psychopharmacology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMental disorders are associated with a considerable burden of disease as well as being risk factors for other health outcomes. The new Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study will make estimates for both the disability and mortality directly associated with mental disorders, as well as the burden attributable to other health outcomes. Herein we discuss the process by which health outcomes in which mental disorders are risk factors are selected for inclusion in the GBD Study. We make suggestions for future research to strengthen the body of evidence for mental disorders as risk factors.
methodsWe identified a list of potential associations between mental disorders and subsequent health outcomes based on a review of the literature and consultation with mental health experts. A two-stage filter was applied to identify mental disorders and health outcomes that meet the criteria for inclusion in the GBD Study. Major limitations in the current literature are discussed and illustrated with examples identified during our review. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Only two associations are included in the new GBD Study. These associations are the increased risk of ischemic heart disease with major depression and mental disorders as a risk factor for suicide. There is evidence that mental disorders are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes and injuries. However, these associations were unable to be included because of insufficient data. The most common reasons for exclusion were inconsistent identification of 'cases', uncertain validity of health outcomes, lack of generalizability, insufficient control for confounding factors and lack of evidence for temporality.
conclusionsCVD, type 2 diabetes and injury are important public health policy areas. Prospective community studies of outcomes in patients with mental disorders are required, and their design must address a range of confounding factors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.