ArticlePloS one2011
Long-lasting immune responses 4 years after GAD-alum treatment in children with type 1 diabetes.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- TAP1 I333V gene polymorphism and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of 2248 cases.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Redosing with Intralymphatic GAD-Alum in the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes: The DIAGNODE-B Pilot Trial.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- Intralymphatic glutamic acid decarboxylase administration in type 1 diabetes patients induced a distinctive early immune response in patients with DR3DQ2 haplotype.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Trial
- Long-Term GAD-alum Treatment Effect on Different T-Cell Subpopulations in Healthy Children Positive for Multiple Beta Cell Autoantibodies.Journal of immunology research · 2022Trial
- Intralymphatic Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-Alum Administration Induced Th2-Like-Specific Immunomodulation in Responder Patients: A Pilot Clinical Trial in Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes research · 2018Trial
- Effect of simultaneous vaccination with H1N1 and GAD-alum on GADDiabetologia · 2017Trial
- Cellular and humoral immune responses in type 1 diabetic patients participating in a phase III GAD-alum intervention trial.Diabetes care · 2013Trial
- Regulatory T cell phenotype and function 4 years after GAD-alum treatment in children with type 1 diabetes.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2013Trial
- Physiological and pathogenic T cell autoreactivity converge in type 1 diabetes.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Monitoring immunomodulation strategies in type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Combined vitamin D, ibuprofen and glutamic acid decarboxylase-alum treatment in recent onset Type I diabetes: lessons from the DIABGAD randomized pilot trial.Future science OA · 2020Article
- GAD-alum immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes expands bifunctional Th1/Th2 autoreactive CD4 T cells.Diabetologia · 2020Article
- Article
- Immunomodulation of TH2 biased immunity with mucosal administration of nanoemulsion adjuvant.Vaccine · 2016Article
- High-throughput sequencing reveals restricted TCR Vβ usage and public TCRβ clonotypes among pancreatic lymph node memory CD4(+) T cells and their involvement in autoimmune diabetes.Molecular immunology · 2016Article
- Review
- Biomarkers for antigen immunotherapy in allergy and type 1 diabetes.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2015Review
- Long-term immunogenicity of an inactivated split-virion 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus vaccine with or without aluminum adjuvant in mice.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Article
- Alteration of regulatory T cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive review.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2014Review
- Trials in type 1 diabetes: Antigen-specific therapies.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A phase II clinical trial with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 formulated with aluminium hydroxide (GAD-alum) has shown efficacy in preserving residual insulin secretion in children and adolescents with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). We have performed a 4-year follow-up study of 59 of the original 70 patients to investigate long-term cellular and humoral immune responses after GAD-alum-treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated in vitro with GAD(65). Frequencies of naïve, central and effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were measured, together with cytokine secretion, proliferation, gene expression and serum GAD(65) autoantibody (GADA) levels. We here show that GAD-alum-treated patients display increased memory T-cell frequencies and prompt T-cell activation upon in vitro stimulation with GAD(65), but not with control antigens, compared with placebo subjects. GAD(65)-induced T-cell activation was accompanied by secretion of T helper (Th) 1, Th2 and T regulatory cytokines and by induction of T-cell inhibitory pathways. Moreover, post-treatment serum GADA titres remained persistently increased in the GAD-alum arm, but did not inhibit GAD(65) enzymatic activity. In conclusion, memory T- and B-cell responses persist 4 years after GAD-alum-treatment. In parallel to a GAD(65)-induced T-cell activation, our results show induction of T-cell inhibitory pathways important for regulating the GAD(65) immunity.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.